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This document is an unpublished draft manuscript of a Northern British Columbia history annotated bibliography. The document is based overwhelmingly on research into secondary sources published prior to 2016; more recent sources are not included. The annotated bibliography includes the following sections:

• Historiography
• Settlement Histories
• Alexander Begg's History of British Columbia
• R.E. Gosnell
• E.O.S. Scholefield
• Regional History
• New Histories
• Environment
• Northern History
• Ancient History
• Bibliography

File consists of documents relating to the construction of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway (PGE), which predominantly consist of photocopy reproductions, excerpts from books, and clippings from periodicals. Includes a chronology of the history of PGE, a list of sub-contractors who completed the Squamish sub-division, "PGE/BCR: Dease Lake Extension First 25 Years, 1968 to 1993", and "P.G.E.R. 1914 to 1923: Progressive Dates of Commencement of Passenger Service".

Image depicts the old BX Sternwheeler office building in Soda Creek, B.C.

Photograph depicts a CN swing bridge (built in 1927) over the South Thompson River. It was opened for tourist sternwheeler "Wandasue."

"The Cassiar Courier" is a newspaper that documents the community and work life of the residents of Cassiar BC. Content includes text and photographs, as well as jokes, comics, and games.

"The Cassiar Courier" is a newspaper that documents the community and work life of the residents of Cassiar BC. Content includes text and photographs, as well as jokes, comics, and games.

File consists of notes, clippings, and reproductions relating to the Cariboo and Northwest Digest publication. Also includes a CD-R that contains Sedgwick's index spreadsheet and accompanying documentation about the publication.

Photograph depicts work cars found in the background. Siding here could hold 54 cars. Davies notes that Wire Cache was named so because an overland telegraph company dumped a telegraph wire by the a stern wheeler.

Photograph depicts a former sternwheeler building and repair slipway as well as a steam tug called the "Naramata." Steamer passengers ceased at the location in 1935 and rail service to the "Landing" in 1940.

"The Cassiar Courier" is a newspaper that documents the community and work life of the residents of Cassiar BC. Content includes text and photographs, as well as jokes, comics, and games.

Photograph depicts the federal government paddle steam sternwheeler "Samson V" at New Westminster. It is used daily on the Fraser River to lift and move buoys etc. It was built in 1937 at New Westminster. It operates between the mouth of the Fraser and Mission. Its crew of 10 is made up of a captain, mate, bosun, two deckhands, cook, steward, chief engineer, greaser, and engineer. It is kept in excellent shape, inside and out.

Photograph depicts the stern wheel of the federal government steamer "Samson V," tied up at New Westminster.

Photograph depicts an old wooden lifting span bridge (now rigid) over the east Thompson River at Pritchard, 25 miles east of Kamloops. View is looking northeast. The bridge was built for sternwheeler traffic.

Photograph depicts one of the earlier brick buildings beside the river, sited opposite the sternwheeler landing pier. It is called Commercial Block and was built in 1897.

Photograph depicts the ex C.P.R. "Moyie" sternwheeler, now a museum at Kaslo.

Photograph depicts the federal government paddle steam sternwheeler "Samson V" at New Westminster. The boiler room is the fore part of the lower deck.

Photograph depicts a man in uniform and a woman posing for a photo on a road situated between a fenced area featuring totem poles. Along the water’s edge in the background there is a float plane, wharf and the Camosun vessel. Handwritten annotation on verso reads: “Alert Bay B.C. Union Steamships Ltd.”; “Alert Bay BC”; photographer’s stamp on verso states: “W.E. Nicholson, 268 E. 10th, Vancouver 10, B.C.”

Audio recording is of an interview by Bridget Moran with both Mr. George Henry and Mr. Arnold Davis to discuss their memories of the early town site development of South Fort George and Central Fort George c.1910-c.1917. Mr. Henry was born in 1882 and his family arrived in Quesnel in 1909. Mr. Henry’s interview is primarily about his work as a captain on the BX Sternwheeler up until the time of the railroad arriving in Prince George in 1914. Mr. Davis, who was a Sherriff in Prince George, recalls his childhood memories of Fort George and Central Fort George c.1917. Mr. Davis also discusses his family roots from Ireland, the family’s arrival in Fort George from Ashcroft in 1917 and memories of his father who worked on the sternwheelers on the Fraser River.

Audiocassette Summary

Scope and Content:
Interview with Mr. George Henry

Mr. Henry was born in 1882 in Northern California and his family came to the Cariboo in 1909. He recalls riding his bicycle from Ashcroft to Quesnel in 3 days to find work with the BC Express Company.

Mr. Henry recalls working on the BX and describes the sternwheeler trip from Quesnel to South Fort George; it was a 3 hour trip from Quesnel and included two mail stops ;
Henry recalls an accident onboard the sternwheeler going through the Fraser Canyon (see p.p.11-12 of
Prince George Remembered)

Mr. Henry describes his homestead at South Fort George

Mr. Henry describes the BX sternwheeler being aground at South Fort George c.1920

Mr. Henry recalls spending winters in South Fort George in his log cabin; that work was “plentiful” in 1910 and the population at “about 700”
Mr. Henry notes that the “Indian reserve was at the Hudson’s Bay company” and that the native population was at “about 50”

Mr. Henry recalls the early commercial businesses in South Fort George c.1910 including the Northern Hotel; the candy store and ice cream store and theatre.

Mr. Henry describes the start of the town site of Central Fort George as a “viable little town” which started once the Grand Trunk Railway arrived and recalls the change in population between South Fort George & Central Fort George.

Henry recalls how all the workers came and lived in tents in Central Fort George.

Mr. Henry was not happy about the arrival of the railway as it meant he lost his job on the sternwheeler – he recalls that “us old river rats were just lost” (see p.p.34 of Prince George Remembered)

Bridget then asks Mr. Arnold Davis to recall his memories of early South Fort George
But first asks him to describe his family’s roots (See p.p. 1-2 of Prince George Remembered)

Scope and Content:
Interview with Mr. Arnold Davis

Davis notes he is 6th generation Canadian; family came from Ireland and his grandfather’s brother Jeff Davis became the President of the Confederate States of America.
Davis refers to his mother’s family being on the Prairies at time of the trial of Louis Riel

Davis explains that his grandfather first homesteaded at Banff; then Kamloops; then Ashcroft and on to South Fort George in 1917.

Davis’ father worked for the BC Express Company and he recalls being on the sternwheeler as a child during same time that George Henry worked the boats. Recalls workers on the boat; eating pie on the boat baked by the Chinese cook; (See p. 33 of Prince George Remembered)

Davis recalls the town site of South Fort George. He notes it had a population by 1917 of only “about 300” and that the “boom was over”

Davis describes location of various businesses in South Fort George including the Rex Theatre, George St. Poole Room, McKay Bros. Grocery store, Drugstore, Bairds, Peters Butcher Shop.

Davis recalls that there were many “Yukoners” here at the time and recalls a tale about an old Yukoner

Mr. Davis recalls other people who worked on the BX with his father including Margaret “Granny” Seymour’s father;

Mr. Davis recalls riding up and down the river to Foley’s Cache on the sternwheeler as a child
Mr. Henry then speaks up and recalls trips on the sternwheeler with Arnold Davis on the boat as a child

Tape ends

Audio recording consists of individual taped interviews conducted by Bridget Moran with a number of early Fort George residents recalling the early years of white settlement in Prince George c.1910-c.1915. Interviews were conducted with the following individuals: Arnold Davis; J.A.F. Campbell; Alec Moffat; Claude Foot; George Henry; Nellie Law; John McInnis; Georgina [McInnis] Williams and Peter Wilson. These interviews were incorporated into the publication: Bridget Moran, Prince George Remembered…from Bridget Moran, Marsh Publishing, Prince George, 1996.

Audiocassette Summary
Scope and Content:Recording consists of individual taped interviews conducted by Bridget Moran in a number of locations with Arnold Davis; J.A.F. Campbell; Alec Moffat; Claude Foot; George Henry; Nellie Law; John McInnis; Georgina [McInnis] Williams; Peter Wilson

Subjects include:

• Arnold Davis – former Sherriff in Prince George (born in 1882) arrived in Quesnel in 1909 and worked on the BX sternwheeler. Davis discusses his family roots from Ireland as a 6th generation Canadian. Recalls how his family arrived in South Fort George in 1917 and how his father worked on boats that went up and down Fraser River
• Claude Foot recalls coming from New Zealand to Fort George [Prince George] in 1906 and how there were ‘very few white men’; his father was Irish, mother was English
• Alex Moffat – describes how his parents provided a ‘stopping place’ for stage coaches in the Cariboo region
• George Henry recalls working on the boats that plied the Fraser River between Prince George and Soda Creek, near Quesnel
• Nellie Law – describes arriving from England in 1917 to Ashcroft and then Quesnel in 1917
• Peter Wilson – Barrister and Solicitor; the prosecutor for Prince George since 1916 describes arriving by train from Edmonton and arriving on a scow in South Fort George
• Mr. John McInnis – from Prince Edward Island, who sat twice in provincial legislature – in constituency of Grand Forks as socialist and later for constituency of Fort George recalls arriving in 1910 by rail to Kamloops and then by sleigh to South Fort George; describes the Indian Reserve at Fort George “[…don’t think there were a dozen white people…when I arrived […]”
• J.A. ‘Doc’ Campbell recalls being part of a survey crew in Fort George in 1908
• George Henry – also recalls cruising down the [Fraser] river by way of sternwheeler and losing men overboard
• Peter Wilson recalls experiences as practicing lawyer; there was no assize court in the region until 1919; recalls some of his early cases [murder case]
• Nellie Law describes working as a desk clerk at first The Alexandra Hotel and later The Prince George Hotel from 1918 to 1952
  Law describes the hotel patrons and how she met the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire in 1922. Recalls stoking furnace with logs in the hotel to keep it warm and working as a bouncer
• Alex Moffat – recalls workers and hauling freight via the old Cariboo Road; existence of one policeman only (BC Provincial Police); and describes in detail a stopping place for horses / crew on the Cariboo Road and the pack trains.
• Mr. Moffat – Describes the luxury experienced on the sternwheeler, The BX that “could carry seventy saloon passengers” and “staterooms were all equipped with push buttons, electric lights, hot and cold water, steam heat, and everything modern”
• Claude Foot – Recounts a dance in Quesnel at the hotel barroom and describes ordering drinks at the Al Johnson Hotel that had a bar which boasted to be “ the biggest bar in Canada, if not the world” 100 ft + bar with “six or seven bartenders behind this long bar, and the customers would be lined up two or three deep […]”
• J.A. [F.] [Campbell] – post-1910 changes with the use of scows on the Fraser River; describes the BC Provincial Police “in those days [they] just wore ordinary civilian clothes, but they were a tough bunch….[…]” and rowdiness in the bars in South Fort George
• Campbell describes the first bank in Fort George was the Bank of British North America that was housed in a tent and he recalls needing money while playing poker - ‘about eleven o’clock that night, the vault was open, and the till was open, and if you wanted money you’d walk up to the bank till and put an IOU in and take money out and go on playing [poker]
• Peter Wilson – comments about how lax the enforcement of law and order was in the early years including among the police themselves: “that the “Old Blind Nick [who] ran a bootlegging joint, went broke because he said he couldn’t afford to supply the police with any more liquor.”
• Claude Foot – recalls a fire in Quesnel in 1916 that burned a large part of the business section and the firemen were as Nellie Law notes “ a bucket brigade of Chinamen, filling buckets from a water hole in the Fraser River that the horses drank in…”
• John McInnis recalls political meetings and the election in 1916 when he was a candidate for the Fort George riding and being defeated by 7 votes; that the investigation of the election “was a whitewash”
• Georgina McInnis, who was the first White Child born in the community – she tells of the meeting that decided her name – as Fort Georgina McInnis
• Arnold Davis recalls his father working on boats that went up and down Fraser River and being on the boat with him and “watching the connecting rods go in and out and concentrate on pie…[served by the Chinese cook]” Davis also recalls The Yukoners who emigrated to PG after the Gold Rush
• George Henry recalls with lament the coming of the railway as he lost his job plying the River - preferred voyages on the Fraser River – and refers to those who worked the River and himself as “river rats”

Topographic map depicts communities, bodies of water, transport routes, parks, game reserves, posts, ports, radio stations, power sites (figures in horse power), steamship routes (distance in nautical miles), and precipitation. Mineral resources summarized locally in red ink.

Photograph depicts the multi-level steamship "Tutshi" anchored near a rocky shoreline. Stamped annotation on verso: “Yukon Archives, Whitehorse. Print No. No. 82/378 #3; Please credit: Poirer Collection, Yukon Archives”

Item is a photograph of a steamship cruising the ocean waters off Victoria, Vancouver Island.

File consists of the following articles and speeches written by Knox McCusker:

• "Reminiscences of Knox McCusker" (63 typewritten pages)
• "Back and Beyond the Peace" by K.McCusker (taken from the Toronto Star Weekly Saturday May 5, 1928) – retyped
• "The Alaska Highway" by Knox F. McCusker, D.L.S. (The Canadian Surveyor, July 1943)-photocopy
• Mr. McCusker's speech (5 pages)
• “Tropical Valleys of B.C.” (4 pages)
• "The president has called me an old old surveyor…" speech written by K. McCusker
• "In the early days of my career in the Surveying profession…" written by K. McCusker

Photograph depicts a steamship in Victoria Harbour with shoreline and buildings in the background. Johnson Street Bridge can be seen behind. Handwritten annotation below the photograph reads, "Princess Royal July 2, 1927 soldiers on Board"

File consists of general correspondence concerning various administrative issues and the transfer of the Aleza Lake Experiment Station, newspaper articles, memoranda containing the general history of the Experiment Station, diagrams of timber sales, 1927 logging inspection reports, and an envelope containing biographical sketches of individuals involved in the early history of the Experiment Station.

Photograph depicts a large steamship at CPR Pier B and C in Vancouver. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "SS. Tahali - Canadian Australian".

Photograph depicts a rusting piece of a ship, possibly an anchor, displayed on 2 blocks. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "thought to have been on the HBS Beaver".

Photograph depicts a steamship on open water. Handwritten annotation below the photograph reads, "C.P.R. Ferry".

Photograph depicts a male and female crewmember standing side by side. Crew members are possibly from the Union Steamship S.S. Camosun. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Some of the Crew".

Photograph depicts a steamship, Princess Kathleen in open water. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Princess Kathleen in Rupert. 26/6/28".

Photograph depicts a large steamship near a dock. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Empress of Russia"

Photograph depicts a steamship in open water. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Union S.S. Camosun".

Photograph depicts the MV Aorangi. This passenger vessel was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company for the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand and launched in 1924 for the Vancouver-Australia passenger route. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "motor driven ship Aorangi".

Photograph depicts the Union Steamship S.S. Cardena at dock along the British Columbia coast. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "S.S. Cardena".

Photograph depicts the Canadian Pacific Railway turbine steamship S.S. "Princess Patricia". There is a faint view of the coastline in the distance. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Princess Patricia".

Photograph depicts a large steamship in dock. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Union Line S.S. Niaguria".

Photograph depicts a passenger steamship on open water, mountains in the background. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "S.S. Alameda".

Photograph depicts a passenger steamship with several passengers on deck. Handwritten annotation below photograph reads, "Princess Pat leaving for Nanaimo".