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Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 10” Moran asks Justa to identify reserves on a map. Moran tells Justa she wants to start the book with the history of reserves Justa lived in or around. Justa was born in Fort St. James. Moran asks what he wants to name the book.

05’ 10” Justa talks about how long it took to get from place to place when he was a child. He talks about what types of transportation was used in the different seasons. He also discusses how the way of life changed when the road was built between Fort St. James and the other reserves. Moran suggests the road was bittersweet because of the loss of community.

25’ 30” Justa is concerned about the loss of Indian culture to younger generations, so speaks his language often. He also worries about the dependency First Nations have on modern conveniences, so have forgotten how to live off the land.

33’ 56” Moran asks how Justa feels about ‘culture camps.’

38’ 25” Moran asks Justa which clans are in Tachie, where he names several.

40’ 05” Moran tells Justa she has been reading his diaries and how she feels he is being killed by meetings once he became band manager. Justa says the meetings are beneficial to teaching himself what he needs to know.

42’ 35” Justa talks about his nervous breakdown because of the amount of meetings he had to attend, which he averages at about one thousand a year.

43’ 36” Moran asks Justa what the central concerns were for Tachie. Justa tells her hydro, sewage, telephone and cable services, and schools. Justa talks about the schools, in particular.

49’ 46” Justa talks about the new band manager of Tachie.
50’ 09” Moran asks about the Kemano Project. Justa tells her there are lot of uncertainties, but he is not sure what they are at the moment. Justa thinks the government will go ahead with Kemano II regardless of what the public think.

57’ 27” Justa talks to Moran about the qualities of being a leader. His father told him he was too radical to be leader and had to respect other people’s opinions and nationalities to be successful. People are more supportive of his ideas now.

1: 00’ 50” End of tape.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 10” Moran asks Theresa about when she first started living with Justa. They discuss the beginning of their relationship. Theresa discusses her former husband, how she began drinking because of his abuse. She says Justa made her settle down.

11’ 22” Moran asks Theresa about the things her and Justa do together. She says they garden. She says he looks after her well, but in the past Justa ‘slapped her around’ when they were drinking. Theresa talks about her past with alcoholism and how it affected her relationship with Justa.

18’ 30” Moran asks about when Justa and Theresa got married. Theresa talks about the wedding. Theresa talks about how Justa’s parents initially did not accept her, but they eventually started to treat her well when they saw Justa and her were doing well.

21’ 35” Moran asks Theresa about her children. Theresa discusses them all individually. Two of her daughters were killed.

31’ 45” Moran asks Theresa about going to Tachie for salmon fishing. Theresa talks about the process of fishing from the shore. Theresa also talks about hunting and preparing for the winter.

37’ 45” Moran tells Theresa no names will be mentioned in the book, such as the last name of her first husband.

37’ 59” Moran asks Theresa why she thinks alcoholism is such a problem on the reserves nowadays.

42’ 59” End of tape.

Audio recording consists of an interview conducted by Bridget Moran with Mary John.

Audiocassette Summary
Scope and Content: Tape consists of a recording of Bridget interviewing Mary John primarily about her visit to the former native village site of Cheslatta

Side 1
Interview in process

00’05” Bridget interviews Mary John, Mary is referring to Madeline her niece.

1’00” Bridget asks Mary what made her decide to go to Cheslatta – to see the site where she had lived. Bridget asks if it was a ‘rediscovery’ trip. Bridget asks if this is where the village was burned out and flooded out [by Kemano development] Mary talks about her son Ernie wanting to go there and create a territorial hunting ground. She talks about going there with her niece Madeline and Alex

8’40” Mary explains how they got to Cheslatta; the travel there was by van through Francois Lake and via logging roads; it took about hour and half drive

11’00” Mary explains it was not the village that had been flooded that they went to; not the original village; she notes there was a campsite set up for them but it was cold at night. There were people there from Stellaco, about 75 total. She describes making bannock on a stick over the fire ‘the real bannock’ for the youth – like an “Indian pizza” (she laughs)

16’00” Mary continues to talk about the activities that she did at Cheslatta; show the youth how to fish, spear fish, clean fish, cut in strips and smoke the fish. There was no smokehouse but they created a lean- to and smoked the fish. Mary also notes another day Mary and Madeline took the youth to the bush and talked to them about uses of trees –

22’00”-20’25” Mary describes the steps involved with showing the youth at the Cheslatta camp how to collect spruce in order to build a smoke house for smoking the fish

29’30” Mary discusses food that she prepared for the gathering for the people

31’00” Mary talks about the group visiting the old village Cheslatta after the gathering

Mary then leaves to attend to a crying baby [a great-grand-child?]; they greet the mother

33’00” Bridget refers to a group of kids she talked to at Kamloops about their book Stoney Creek Woman. Bridget tells Mary she has letters written to Mary John by several students who had read Bridget’s book that she wants to show her

36’00” They continue to talk about the former Cheslatta village and what the former village residents want to do about the village; Mary notes there are archaeologists working there. Mary states the people have not yet received compensation for being taken off their land. Bridget notes those people loss their sense of community

38’31” Mary remarks the people at Cheslatta “have a good chief” “very humble person”

39’40” Bridget asks Mary about the Lejac pilgrimage. Mary then talks about the pilgrimage that is held at Lejac and that she had just been there ‘on Sunday night’; she notes it is arranged by Celina; she notes there were Tache people there. Bridget asks if there are children buried at Lejac and Mary notes there are children and students buried there – about 15 to 20 buried there.

43’00” They briefly discuss if this was a rediscovery for the Cheslatta people at the event. Mary agrees; she notes she stayed there for 10 days; Bridget remarks it was similar to Mary’s former camp of what she had experienced at Wedgewood. They talk about Mary’s son Ernie and that he has in Bridget’s view ‘leadership qualities”

45’30” Bridget asks about getting a bannock recipe for a Senior’s cookbook. Mary begins to tell the recipe

Side 2
47’40” Mary continues to show Bridget how to make bannock

50’00” Mary briefly refers to the event at Cheslatta again

End of tape

Item is a recorded audio interview with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’10” Bridget Moran interviews Justa Monk. They discuss the ancestry of his last name and its original spelling, Monck. Moran wants to know more about Monk’s genealogy. She tells Justa his family history will be a chapter in the book.

08’ 45” Justa discusses how his ancestors move around on the land for hunting purposes. Moran wants to know more about gardens.

10’ 19” The interview returns to Justa’s family history, particularly the arranged marriage between his mother and father.

12’ 33” Moran asks about Justa’s immediate family. Justa talks about his brothers and sisters.

16’ 54” Justa talks about alcoholism with his brothers and sisters, and with other families.

20’ 10” Moran returns to asking about Justa’s brothers and sisters. Justa talks about one of his brothers being shot and killed; mentions the name of the man who killed his brother. Justa talks about his nephew getting shot by the RCMP.

27’ 54” Moran asks Justa about the relationship between him and his siblings. He talks about being the one who is reliable; has strong leadership skills, even though he is the youngest child.

30’ 50” Moran asks about Justa’s mother. She loved going to potlatches, did a lot of sewing. She was a very quiet and religious person. Justa’s father was the same, very outspoken. Justa tells Moran he is close to all of his brothers and sisters after she asks which he is closest. When Justa was 5 years old, he spent a lot of time with his father, where he learned to hunt by the age of 7.

34’ 20” Moran asks about Justa’s housing when he was growing up. He tells her his family had a large house, but there were no bedrooms, so they had different corners where they would sleep. They had a large garden outside of their home.

39’ 20” Justa talks about how isolated Portage was, so they had to grow their own food.

40’ 41” Moran asks about churches. Justa tells her there was a church and a priest came into Portage once in a while.

41’ 10” Moran asks about what Justa remembers about Christmas. He remembers getting dressed up and going to church to sing hymns.

43’ 02” Moran asks Justa which of his brothers and sisters went to school. Justa says his sisters were not punished or abused. His brothers enjoyed school. His brothers and sisters were not allowed to speak their language, and this was their only disappointment. Justa talks about his experiences at school; he quit school and tried to get a job.

50’ 24” Moran asks about when Justa moved from Portage to Tachie.

52’ 34” Moran asks about Justa trying to get a job at such a young age. He got a job with his brothers at a sawmill in Fort St. James.

55’ 33” Justa says he was born in 1943. Moran asks about when he met Theresa, his wife. They began their common-law relationship in 1966.

57’ 13” Moran asks about how long Justa was in jail. He served 9 months and was released on parole.

1:02’ 53” Justa talks about being unemployed and broke. Theresa came to visit him at camp where she stayed for 6 or 7 months. He talks about getting married later on in their relationship. Moran asks about where Theresa is from. Theresa is from Tachie but he did not know her growing up. Moran asks about Theresa’s background.

1:08’27” Justa talks about his many girlfriends, partying, and being a womanizer. Theresa and him got ‘serious’ after she had their daughter.

1:11’ 24” Moran ends the interview. She tells Justa they will change the pace for the next interview by discussing land claims. Moran asks Justa about running for chief. He lost the first time he ran.

1:14’28” Moran asks Justa about Kemano. Back in 1948, Kemano I was created. The Indian Agent came to the reserves for signatures so the Kemano project could go ahead. Justa says the people did not have time to move their things when the flooding began. People were misled with regards to what the Kemano project was about. People on the reserves were moved to Grassy Plains – they were spread out, not the same community as they were. In 1982, First Nations people began to fight back against Kemano II. Justa was a district chief.

1:24’ 48” Justa discusses the need for an environmental assessment for the Kemano project. The case to the Supreme Court and are currently waiting for the decision. The provincial government claims there is no need for environmental assessment and are planning to go forward with the project. Justa discusses the commission and the Kemano case, in general.

1:30’ 07” End of tape.

Item is a recorded audio interview with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 10” Justa talks about getting together a memorandum of understanding regarding boundaries for fishing grounds. Justa has also been discussing land claims with the provincial government. He talks about setting up the future for the younger generation. He says a fair land claim settlement would be the granting of traditional grounds.

5’ 27” Moran asks about the Save The River campaign.

6’ 14” Moran inquires about the diaries Justa is supposed to bring her. Justa wants to talk about his childhood. He feels his youth was better than the youth of today because they are given everything.

11’ 06” Moran asks about Justa’s life in Portage and to describe a day he remembers from his time there before going to residential school. He talks about not being allowed out after dark and being respectful of other people’s property. He discusses being disciplined by talking about what was right and wrong.

15’ 15” Justa talks about his time in residential school and how he was not allowed to speak his native language. He was shocked by the corporal punishment. Moran and Justa discuss about putting this in the book or not. He talks about not having any privacy in the residential school.

21’ 55” They return to discussing the personal details of Justa’s life in Portage, such as eating porridge for breakfast. Moran and Justa discuss fishing and hunting, and the times of the year he would be away from home.

27’ 55” Moran asks Justa about a day at the residential school. He talks about how he refused to buy a Bible. He participated in sports in his second year. He talks about the food and having to take cod liver oil. He talks about being a hockey player. He talks about the time he broke his leg at the residential school.

37’ 51” Moran asks Justa about which of his sisters would be willing to talk to her. They begin to talk about Justa’s philandering and how he had a lot of fun during that time. He talks about cheating on Theresa, but they stayed together. They continue to talk about his sex life. He talks about his relationship with Theresa. He talks about his daughter, Sharon.

47’ 00” Moran wants to talk about the trauma of John, his brother who was murdered. He tells Moran that was the time he started to turn his life around. They talk about his time in jail.

48’ 18” Moran starts the interview with Theresa, Justa’s wife. Moran asks Theresa about her personal details. She talks about her family past. She got married to get away from her parents, who were her adoptive parents.

52’ 40” Moran asks Theresa about going to residential school and how her parents would not allow it because they wanted to teach other responsibilities. Theresa talks about how some of her responsibilities were hunting beavers.

59’ 30” Theresa starts talking about how she found out she was adopted. She discusses her real brothers and sisters and how several of them passed away from tuberculosis. She talks about how she is close to her adoptive mother. Theresa does not know why she was adopted out.

1:05” 57” Moran asks Theresa about residential school. Theresa says she could not speak English, so was punished for speaking her native language. She says there was no corporal punishment against her. She talks about getting tuberculosis and getting transferred to a hospital where she stayed for eighteen months. She learned how to speak English while at the hospital.

1: 14’ 57” Theresa talks about getting married at the age of 18 in 1948. Theresa gets tuberculosis again in 1956, so was placed in a sanatorium. She returns to talking about her former husband and how he treated her poorly. He was sent to jail for about two years for assaulting Theresa.

1: 26’ 50” Theresa talks about how difficult it was to obtain money for her and the children.

1: 27’ 54” Moran asks about how she met Justa. She says she always liked him and thought he looked cute. She began to go out with Justa in the 1960s. She moved to Dawson Creek to be with Justa when he was released from jail.

1:33’ 35” End of tape.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk's family members.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 05” Moran is talking to Justa’s sister, Adelle. She says the old way of life is better than life today. They talk about the lack of gardens in Tachie today.

02’ 45” Adelle talks about the family history, particularly her father. She talks about their way of life when they were children. Adelle continues to talk about her past.

08’ 40” Adelle talks about the residential school and how she was upset she was when she was sent there. She talks about being punished for speaking their native language. She was at the residential school until the age of sixteen.

12’ 13” Moran asks Adelle about what she remembers about fishing. She talks about the process of fishing.

13’ 22” Adelle talks about her individual history. She talks about not getting married at all because she could not marry the man she wanted. She talks about getting tuberculosis and being in the hospital for a year. When she was released from the hospital, she moved in with a man who was abusive towards her. She talks about leaving him and moving to Prince George, eventually.

18’ 56” Adelle talks about how it was beneficial that her parents were strict. She continues to talk about her childhood, particularly Christmas.

24’ 36” Moran and Adelle talk about when Justa killed his brother. Adelle tells Moran that Justa looked after his brother’s children after he was released from prison.

26’ 08” Moran asks Adelle about whether she drank or not. Adelle says when she moved to Prince George she began to drink heavily.

27’ 35” Moran asks Theresa about the time her and Justa got married. Adelle tells Moran that Justa was the baby of the family and how his siblings ‘babied’ him, hence why his mother was so upset when he married Theresa.

31’ 00” Interview changes to Theresa’s mother. Theresa’s mother speaks in her native language most of the time and Theresa translates. They talk about her past, particularly where and when she was born. They talk about how many families lived in Tachie.

40’ 13” Moran asks about whether Theresa’s mother went to Fort St. James often before the road was built. When they went to Fort St. James, by horse, they would buy some groceries.

43’ 04” They continue to talk about Theresa’s mother’s past.

47’ 33” Moran interviews Jimmy, Justa’s brother. She begins by asking him with the road being built. He tells her life was better in the old days because it was cheaper.

50’ 10” Moran asks about the family history. Jimmy lists the siblings from oldest to youngest.

52’ 05” Jimmy tells Moran that he did not go to the residential school because his grandfather would not let him. Jimmy needed to work for the family because he was the oldest. He talks about everything being done by hand.

58’ 00” Moran asks Jimmy about the type of house that his parents lived in when he was born. He talks about his childhood and his way of life. He talks about helping building a house with his father that had no rooms.

1: 02” 53” Moran asks Jimmy when he got married. Jimmy talks about his wife’s family, particularly his father-in-law, who Justa was named after.

1: 04’ 58” Moran asks Jimmy his memories about living in Portage. He tells her he was a bad kid. He also talks about the trips he took to the surrounding areas. He tells her it was a hard life, but there were good things.

1:10’ 35” Moran asks Jimmy about any memories he has of Justa as a kid. Jimmy tells her that even as a kid, Justa was pretty smart. Jimmy would take him to collect hay. Justa was called the baby and was spoiled too much.

1: 13’ 09” Moran asks Jimmy where he was when Justa got in trouble with his brother. Jimmy said he had a feeling something bad was going to happen, so decided to go home. He talks about when he was told about the murder. Moran continues to ask about the situation, but Jimmy tells her he is still not sure what happened between Justa and John.

1:25’ 03” Jimmy talks about making his store bigger at the pressure of Indian Affiars, but it was too much to keep operating, so now there is only a store that sells junk food.

1:28’ 47” Jimmy talks about the loss of two of his children. He continues to discuss his children.

1: 34’ 36” End of tape.

File consists of handwritten note from Roseanne Moran to her mother Bridget re: the "Justa" draft and an annotated draft of "Justa."

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 05” Justa is talking about cutting wood for heat at home. He talks about wrecking his father’s axe. He continues to tell amusing stories about his childhood, which include his siblings and his father.

04’ 45” Moran asks Justa about how many employees he had when he was band manager. Justa talks about his work as band manager. They continue to talk about sawmills in the area. Justa discusses land rights as a result of the sawmills in their territory. Justa talks about tree farm licenses and the disputes between the band and the government. He talks about agreements the band has with Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd.

16’ 35” Moran asks Justa about the note Theresa left him about being either a father or a band manager. They talk about this briefly.

18’ 23” Moran asks Justa about stories in his diary, such as trying to quit smoking. They talk about Justa becoming band leader. They continue to talk about Justa’s duties as general manager for the band and the politics surrounding the position.

25’ 14” Moran asks Justa about developing a school board for Tachie that is run by First Nations people. He wants to develop a proper curriculum that embraces the old way of life to maintain their culture.

30’ 40” Moran asks Justa why he stepped down as general manager for the band. Justa talks about someone else wanting the position. He also talks about the restraints on him. He talks about becoming tribal chief. He was given the mandate to deal with Kemano II, land claims, and developing forms of self-government.

41’ 15” Moran asks about the spread of AIDS in Tachie. Justa says, like cancer, it has spread because of stupidity. His people were healthy until the modernization of their society.

42’ 22” They return to discussing the opening of sawmills in the Tachie area, as well as tree licenses.

49’ 00” Moran asks Justa how many bands have dropped out of land claims issues. Ten remain, he tells her. They continue to discuss the issue of land claims.

50’ 47” Moran asks about when the tribal chiefs came together to have a common goal with regard to land claims. They continue to discuss land base, the progress of land claims, and the amount of people in each area. Justa talks about private companies entering their land and building private roads to log the area. They continue to talk about the politics of the position.

1:00’ 13” Moran asks Justa about his tribal chief position. He tells her it is a ‘twenty-four hour machine’ and to develop working relationships between the bands and the government, particularly with land claims and poverty issues. Justa continues to talk about his position.

1:09’ 11” Moran asks Justa which position he feels has helped his people the most. He tells her being band manager and tribal chief because he feels he has the right vision for his people that he can implement through clear direction and demanding certainty from the government, particularly with land claims. He talks about wanting to save the future of the nations and saving the river from the Kemano II Project. They continue to discuss the history of the Kemano II Project.

1:17’ 38” End of tape.

File consists of a handwritten letter from Mayo Moran to her mother Bridget re: the "Justa" draft (April 6, 1994), an annotated draft of "Justa," "Land Claims" pamphlet produced by the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council, and "Fort St. James Forest District Recreation Map" produced by the Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests (Dec. 1991).

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 06” Justa is talking about the Kemano II Project and what he said in a meeting with the Ministers. He has asked them to stop the Project or they will face judicial review because they are basing the Project on a political basis, not a scientific basis. He says he feels he will win the case.

04’ 57” Moran tells Justa she is working on the chapter about when he kills his brother John. Moran asks Justa about what happened and he tells her all he remembers is when the cops arrested him. They continue to talk about what happened, though Justa’s memory is vague. Justa talks about his time in prison.

24’ 54” Moran asks Justa about when he moved to Fort St. James after he was released from prison. He moved to Dawson Creek after being picked arrested again.

27’ 58” Justa talks about moving back to Tachie, then going to work for BC Rail in 1970. At that time, he was hired as band manager.

28’ 50” They return to discussing the Kemano II Project.

32’ 20” Moran and Justa return to discussing the murder of his brother.

34’ 50” Moran and Justa talk about Brother Anderson, who worked at the residential school.

41’ 15” Moran talks to Justa about his brother Alec who passed away at a young age. The person who fell off a roof was a cousin.

42’ 30” Moran asks Justa about being left on Haldi Road when he was working at the rehabilitation camp. He talks about Haldi Camp and it was decent living conditions. There was no counselling offered.

47’ 57” Moran asks Justa if his troubles at that time were related to alcohol. He tells her that his fights were caused from drinking. He talks about his parents telling him they were worried about his drinking. He began to black out, but did not worry about it because he says he was young and did not pay attention.

49’ 55” After Justa left Dawson Creek, he returned to Tachie. Two weeks after he was home, Teddy was shot. They talk about the circumstances surrounding his death.

56’ 08” Moran asks Justa about his memories of Tachie when he started as a maintenance man in the 1970s. He says the roads were rough or hardly there. He talks about his job shovelling snow or pulling vehicles out of the mud. They talk about the Tachie community in the early 1970s. Justa talks about building the community up.

1: 08’00” Justa talks about his wedding to Theresa. Very few people attended the wedding. It took a long time for Justa’s family to recognize her as part of the family.

1: 12’ 54” Moran asks Justa about life in Tachie. Justa tells her things were done collectively, there was no division within in the community. He wishes the old way of life was still a part of the community. He talks about the love of ‘potlatch’ in the community. He talks about how the old way of life disappeared once the road was built.

1: 19’ 50” Moran asks Justa what he is working on. Justa says he is wrapping up the treaty process, budget proposals, and a couple other issues. He talks about Kemano II. He is serious about leaving his position because he has been neglecting his family. They continue to talk about the Kemano II Project.

1: 29’ 09” End of tape.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’02” Justa is talking about the store in Tachie.

02’ 13” Moran asks Justa to clarify his different positions when working for the band, and when he served in those positions. He talks about the years he was band manager and tribal chief, and talks about these positions. He discusses the stress of the positions because of lack of funding.

16’ 29” Moran asks Justa about the different programs, such as water systems and education. Justa discusses getting the water system into Tachie. He discusses the details of trying to get the water system, particularly trying to get funding and getting the proper contractors. He talks about the stress of the position and how it affected his mind.

39’ 04” Justa talks about the differences between being a band manager and a tribal chief. He tells her there were no politics involved in being a band manager.

41’ 30” Moran asks Justa to draw her a map of Tachie and Sunnyside for the book, so she knows where everything can be found. Justa draws her a detailed map that includes the lake and the river.

52’ 34” Moran asks Justa about his week as a band manager and tribal chief, starting from Monday to Friday. He talks about his meetings involving contracts, social assistance, education, and other funding concerns. He reads from his diary to Moran.

1:02’ 55” Moran asks Justa about when Tachie received a telephone system. Justa talks about how he actually regrets getting a telephone and television system because of the loss of community.

1:08’ 55” Justa returns to talking about Kemano II.

1:14’ 59” Moran’s voice is muffled and incomprehensible.

1:16’ 35” Moran asks Justa for photographs for the book. Moran wants a subtitle for the book, so asks Justa for something in Carrier. Moran tells Justa that the CBC has asked why she is writing a book about him. They discuss the general details of the book.

1:26’ 17” End of tape.

File consists of an annotated transcript of interviews between Bridget Moran and Justa Monk.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 01” Justa is talking about the Kemano II Project, which he states is a political issue, not an environmental one. He says the Project is a public issue now, not just a First Nations issue.

06’ 52” Moran asks Justa about when he was elected to tribal chief. He talks about the nominations process.

09’ 52” End of tape.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’ 04” Moran is talking about book signings for Justa’s book.

00’ 27” Justa and Moran talk about board members for the Kemano II Project. They continue to talk about the Kemano II Project. Justa says the amount of pressure he is putting on the government, combined with public support, hopefully means Kemano II will be stopped. They continue to discuss the details and the politics surrounding the Project.

10’ 26” Moran asks Justa whether he was surprised or not when he lost the position of tribal chief at the last Assembly. He tells her he was not surprised. He talks about the first time he resigned from the position due to stress. He says the band knew he was tired, so did not want the position any longer. In a letter he wrote, he stated it was time for some new blood.

21’ 11” Moran asks Justa about his new position. He talks about being a contractor to Northwood Pulp and Timber where he liaisons between First Nations people and the company on employment concerns and tree sales. He talks about his position in more detail.

28’ 46” Moran asks Justa about how he feels about his life now. He tells her he feels good about what he has accomplished, but he needs a rest. He talks about his accomplishments throughout his career. He tells Moran he has no regrets about anything.

37’ 55” Moran asks Justa about his health issues and how he is feeling now.

38’ 57” End of tape.

File consists of annotated transcript of interviews between Bridget Moran and Justa Monk.

Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.

Audiocassette Summary

00’03” Moran asks Justa how the Department of Indian Affairs party went at Other Art Cafe.

01’20” Moran tells Justa she has a number of questions regarding his political career. They talk about the number of bands in the area.

05’ 11” Justa talks about the nomination process for becoming tribal chief at the annual Assembly. He talks about when he was nominated and how he believed that he was nominated based on his character. Moran asks about the culture surrounding the Assembly, including entertainment. Justa tells her he did not participate in any of the activities.

12’ 41” Justa talks about his mother loving potlatch.

14’ 35” Moran asks Justa about the personal qualities it takes to be tribal chief. He tells her he was nominated because the people knew and trusted him.

16’ 03” Moran asks Justa about the role he played in getting the Department of Indian Affairs shut down. He tells her about leading a mandate to close the Prince George office through lawyers and the support of his people.

25’ 18” Moran asks Justa about the development of a school board for the reservations. He wants the school curriculum to teach the language and the culture. He has negotiated with the federal and provincial governments to implement these plans.

29’ 13” Moran asks Justa about his role in land claims. Justa talks about negotiating with the government to get some of the land back to his people. He has played a big role, he says, because he knows the area, the language, and the people. He talks about the long, drawn out process of planning the land claims concerns. Justa has a mandate as tribal chief to address land claims. He says the important part of the process is educating the people, white and non-white.

45’ 49” Moran is talking about Alcan locating grave markers to compensate for the damage done from the original Kemano project.

47’ 47” Moran asks Justa the role he has played in the Kemano II Project. He tells her that he took a big role because he saw the way of life being destroyed, never mind the environmental damage. He says he hates the concept of the project. Justa talks at length about the politics surrounding the Kemano II Project.

1:07’ 55” Moran asks Justa about which politicians he has met in his time as tribal chief. She encourages him to drop names. He lists a number of provincial and federal politicians.

1:10’ 45” Moran asks Justa about the Oka situation and any role he played in helping to negotiate the situation. He talks about an emergency Assembly. He discusses supporting the situation and telling his own people that they should not protest with the people from Oka to maintain peaceful land claims negotiations. He says he had to keep things calm in his own territory while offering support.

1:13’ 30” Moran asks Justa about the referendum regarding self-government. They talk about which way they voted.

1:16’ 20” Moran asks Justa about the consecration of the graveyards that were flooded by Kemano. He talks about how emotional the ceremony was and how much it hurt to be treated like second-class citizens. One woman described it as being chased out like a pack of coyotes.

1:19’ 50” Moran asks Justa about running for tribal chief again because he has unfinished business with the Kemano II Project.

1:20’50” Moran talks about the chapters of the book with Justa. They discuss some of the stories Moran is writing within the book.

1:28’ 42” End of tape.

File consists of newspaper clippings:

• "Surrender" (The Georgia Straight, July 19-26)
• "The Kemano deal: scientists, salmon sacrificed" (The Watershed, Nov. 1993)
• "Carrier-Sekani people speak for the fish" (The Watershed, Nov. 1993)
• "Alcan bid rejected by Court"(Canadian Press, Sept. 26, 1994)
• "Kemano hearings concluded" (The Democrat, Autumn, 1994)
• "What's up with Kemano II" (The Democrat, Spring, 1994)
• "How Kemano deal came to happen" (The Prince George Citizen, Aug. 13, 1994)
• "Memos reveal Kemano project conflicts ; editorial comments" (The Prince George Citizen, Oct. 14, 1994)
• "Kemano battle shifts to Ottawa" (The Prince George Citizen, Dec. 9, 1992)
• "Scientists condemn Kemano deal" (The Prince George Citizen, May 27, 1994)
• "North must stick together to protect river" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 6, 1993)
• "Controversy clouds start of hearings" (The Prince George Citizen, Nove. 9, 1993)
• "Alcan explains contract" (The Prince George Citizen, July 15, 1994)
• "Fisheries chief stays out of Kemano controversy" (The Prince George Citizen, April 7, 1994)
• "Kemano hearings reconvene in city" (The Prince George Citizen, July 19, 1994)
• "Exemption on Kemano ruled illegal" (The Vancouver Sun, May 25, 1993)
• "Kemano opponents get federal cash" ((The Prince George Citizen, March 31, 1994)
• "Ottawa joins Kemano project inquiry" ((The Prince George Citizen)
• "Your Opinion" ((The Prince George Citizen, Oct. 28, 1993)
• "Kemano hearings almost at an end" (The Prince George Citizen, July 23, 1994)
• "Siddon proud of Kemano deal" (The Prince George Citizen, July 22, 1994)
• "Former fisheries minister testifies" (The Prince George Citizen, July 21, 1994)
• "Social, economic costs of Kemano described here" (The Prince George Citizen, July 20, 1994)
• "Siddon anticipated" (The Prince George Citizen, July 16, 1994)
• Editorial comment on the Kemano project by Carolyn Linden (The Prince George Citizen, July 16, 1994)
• "Pulp mill's effects debated" (The Prince George Citizen, July 13, 1994)
• "Farming issues raised at Kemano hearing" and "Float plane operators worried about project" (The Prince George Citizen, July 12, 1994)
• "Vanderhoof wary about Alcan plan" (The Prince George Citizen, July 11, 1994)
• "Natives seek..." (The Prince George Citizen, June 4, 1994)
• "Where will the power from Kemano..." (The Prince George Citizen, June 11, 1994)
• "Scientists testify at inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Threat to Tweedsmuir Park predicted"
• "Protesters disrupt inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen, June 24, 1994)
• "Power struggle" (The Weekend Sun, April 23, 1994)
• "Council rates Nechako 'most endangered river'" and "Alcan finds no evidence of PCB contamination" (Lakes District News, May 18, 1994)
• "Siddon wanted at hearings" (The Prince George Citizen, May 20, 1994)
• "Weed growth fears expressed" (The Prince George Citizen, July 8, 1994)
• "Chemical threat to river feared" (The Prince George Citizen, April 14, 1994)
• Newspaper advertisement: "Five things you should know about Kemano Completion" (The Weekend Sun, April 23, 1994)
• "Retired scientist says he was told to support gov't" (The Prince George Citizen, May 12, 1994)
• "Kemano opponents rifle paper" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Court rejects Kemano challenge" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 4, 1993)
• "Kemano probe called 'a sham'" (The Prince George Citizen, April 14, 1994)
• "Special Kemano 'deals' denied" (The Prince George Citizen, July 15, 1994)
• "Nechako warning 'ignored' in '86" (The Prince George Citizen, May 4, 1994)
• "Scientists say deal bad" (The Prince George Citizen, May 7, 1994)
• "Kemano in jeopardy, gov't hints" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Kemano inquiry promise sought" (The Prince George Citizen, July 14, 1994)
• "Kemano fight pledged" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Kemano report 'shocks' natives" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Single moms worst off"
• "Kemano won't be shut down" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 20, 1993)
• "Your Opinion" (The Prince George Citizen, Nov. 25, 1992)
• "Kemano queries keep group busy" (The Prince George Citizen, March 25, 1993)
• "Kemano project battle promised" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 5, 1993)
• "Indians get flooding settlement" (The Prince George Citizen, March 17, 1993)
• "A move to damn cabinet action in dam controversy" (Vancouver Sun, Jun 24, 1993)
• "Your Opinion" (The Prince George Citizen, April 7, 1993)
• "Fort Fraser folk just let it all hang out" (The Prince George Citizen, April 10, 1993)
• "Kemano answers demanded" (The Prince George Citizen, April 5, 1993)
• "Nechako 'worth more than a few lousy jobs'" (The Prince George Citizen)
• "Indians gather to reclaim heritage" (The Prince George Citizen, July 7, 1993)
• "Kemano hearings hit the road" (The Prince George Citizen, July 25, 1994)
• "Stand rapped" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 26, 1992)
• "Kemano-gov't conflict claimed" (The Prince George Citizen, April 11, 1994)
• "Natives could join inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 24, 1994)
• "Gov't kills Kemano project" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 23, 1995)
• "The Kemano decision" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 24, 1995)
• "Alcan breaks silence: Kemano decision criticized" and "Long, tiring battle over for Monk" (Prince George This Week, Jan. 29, 1995)

File also includes:

• River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.1, issue 2 (May. 1992) including Allied Rivers Commission "Policies and Objectives" (July 10, 1991) and "Nechako River winter flow comparison"
• River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.3, issue 1 (Nov. 1993)
• Blueprint: "Tanizul Timber Ltd. T.F.L 42, updated to 93 / 07
• Brian Gardiner, M.P. Campaign '93 Newsletter
• Gardiner Report - Update by Brian Gardiner, MP re: Fed must act on Kemano.
• Handwritten note by Bridget Moran re: Kemano project.
• Newsletter for the Nechacko Environmental Coalition, Edition 1:14 (Mar/April 1993)
• River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.2, issue 2 (March 1993)
• Information sheet re: public review of Kemano completion project.

File consists of:

• "Past mistakes recorded in new book" (Vancouver Sun, May 8, 1995)
• "Murder led to election as tribal leader: social worker recorded story" (Vancouver Courier, Dec. 28, 1984)
• Transcript of "Harkins! Bob Harkins Comment" re: Justa publication (Monarch Broadcasting, Nov. 21, 1994)
• "Fascinating life, times of Justa Monk" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 2, 1995)
• "Justa: A Review" (Central Interior NDP News)
• "Blanket coverage" (B.C. Bookworld, spring 1995)
• "Manslaughter, then Justa for all" and "Blanket coverage" (B.C. Bookworld, spring 1995)
• Fax from Laura Boyd, Northwood Pulp & Timber to Justa Monk (and Bridget Moran?) re: names and positions of executive staff at Northwood (Nov. 14, 1994).