Map depicts the Kitlope range, Kimsquit Watershed, and area around Kitlope Lake. Includes Indigenous place names, grease trails, Indigenous village sites, and wildlife information.
Two Kitamaat Band Council members sitting at a table during the Kitamaat Band North Coast District Council meeting and land claim presentation. A third man is sitting in the background with crossed arms.
Photograph depicts Kispiox community members watching a totem pole being raised at the official opening of the new Kispiox Cultural Building. Photograph was taken on Campagnolo's Skeena riding tour.
Photograph depicts Kispiox community members helping to raise a totem pole at the official opening of the new Kispiox Cultural Building. Photograph was taken on Campagnolo's Skeena riding tour.
Photograph depicts members of the Kispiox community transportating a carved wooden totem pole at a pole rising ceremony. Photograph was taken on Campagnolo's Skeena riding tour.
Photograph depicts male members of the Kispiox community transportating a carved wooden totem pole at a pole rising ceremony. Photograph was taken on Campagnolo's Skeena riding tour.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts numerous totem poles in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts a totem pole beside the grave marker of the Chief Lu-dal-da-zuatz, in Kispiox, B.C.
Image depicts an old, partially burnt totem pole in Kispiox, B.C.
This file consists of 3 photographs featuring various perspectives on Kingcome Inlet, such as the interior of St. George's Church (Anglican); totem poles; and children on the beach.
File consists of newspaper clippings:
- "Surrender" (The Georgia Straight, July 19-26)
- "The Kemano deal: scientists, salmon sacrificed" (The Watershed, Nov. 1993)
- "Carrier-Sekani people speak for the fish" (The Watershed, Nov. 1993)
- "Alcan bid rejected by Court"(Canadian Press, Sept. 26, 1994)
- "Kemano hearings concluded" (The Democrat, Autumn, 1994)
- "What's up with Kemano II" (The Democrat, Spring, 1994)
- "How Kemano deal came to happen" (The Prince George Citizen, Aug. 13, 1994)
- "Memos reveal Kemano project conflicts ; editorial comments" (The Prince George Citizen, Oct. 14, 1994)
- "Kemano battle shifts to Ottawa" (The Prince George Citizen, Dec. 9, 1992)
- "Scientists condemn Kemano deal" (The Prince George Citizen, May 27, 1994)
- "North must stick together to protect river" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 6, 1993)
- "Controversy clouds start of hearings" (The Prince George Citizen, Nove. 9, 1993)
- "Alcan explains contract" (The Prince George Citizen, July 15, 1994)
- "Fisheries chief stays out of Kemano controversy" (The Prince George Citizen, April 7, 1994)
- "Kemano hearings reconvene in city" (The Prince George Citizen, July 19, 1994)
- "Exemption on Kemano ruled illegal" (The Vancouver Sun, May 25, 1993)
- "Kemano opponents get federal cash" ((The Prince George Citizen, March 31, 1994)
- "Ottawa joins Kemano project inquiry" ((The Prince George Citizen)
- "Your Opinion" ((The Prince George Citizen, Oct. 28, 1993)
- "Kemano hearings almost at an end" (The Prince George Citizen, July 23, 1994)
- "Siddon proud of Kemano deal" (The Prince George Citizen, July 22, 1994)
- "Former fisheries minister testifies" (The Prince George Citizen, July 21, 1994)
- "Social, economic costs of Kemano described here" (The Prince George Citizen, July 20, 1994)
- "Siddon anticipated" (The Prince George Citizen, July 16, 1994)
- Editorial comment on the Kemano project by Carolyn Linden (The Prince George Citizen, July 16, 1994)
- "Pulp mill's effects debated" (The Prince George Citizen, July 13, 1994)
- "Farming issues raised at Kemano hearing" and "Float plane operators worried about project" (The Prince George Citizen, July 12, 1994)
- "Vanderhoof wary about Alcan plan" (The Prince George Citizen, July 11, 1994)
- "Natives seek..." (The Prince George Citizen, June 4, 1994)
- "Where will the power from Kemano..." (The Prince George Citizen, June 11, 1994)
- "Scientists testify at inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Threat to Tweedsmuir Park predicted"
- "Protesters disrupt inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen, June 24, 1994)
- "Power struggle" (The Weekend Sun, April 23, 1994)
- "Council rates Nechako 'most endangered river'" and "Alcan finds no evidence of PCB contamination" (Lakes District News, May 18, 1994)
- "Siddon wanted at hearings" (The Prince George Citizen, May 20, 1994)
- "Weed growth fears expressed" (The Prince George Citizen, July 8, 1994)
- "Chemical threat to river feared" (The Prince George Citizen, April 14, 1994)
- Newspaper advertisement: "Five things you should know about Kemano Completion" (The Weekend Sun, April 23, 1994)
- "Retired scientist says he was told to support gov't" (The Prince George Citizen, May 12, 1994)
- "Kemano opponents rifle paper" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Court rejects Kemano challenge" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 4, 1993)
- "Kemano probe called 'a sham'" (The Prince George Citizen, April 14, 1994)
- "Special Kemano 'deals' denied" (The Prince George Citizen, July 15, 1994)
- "Nechako warning 'ignored' in '86" (The Prince George Citizen, May 4, 1994)
- "Scientists say deal bad" (The Prince George Citizen, May 7, 1994)
- "Kemano in jeopardy, gov't hints" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Kemano inquiry promise sought" (The Prince George Citizen, July 14, 1994)
- "Kemano fight pledged" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Kemano report 'shocks' natives" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Single moms worst off"
- "Kemano won't be shut down" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 20, 1993)
- "Your Opinion" (The Prince George Citizen, Nov. 25, 1992)
- "Kemano queries keep group busy" (The Prince George Citizen, March 25, 1993)
- "Kemano project battle promised" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 5, 1993)
- "Indians get flooding settlement" (The Prince George Citizen, March 17, 1993)
- "A move to damn cabinet action in dam controversy" (Vancouver Sun, Jun 24, 1993)
- "Your Opinion" (The Prince George Citizen, April 7, 1993)
- "Fort Fraser folk just let it all hang out" (The Prince George Citizen, April 10, 1993)
- "Kemano answers demanded" (The Prince George Citizen, April 5, 1993)
- "Nechako 'worth more than a few lousy jobs'" (The Prince George Citizen)
- "Indians gather to reclaim heritage" (The Prince George Citizen, July 7, 1993)
- "Kemano hearings hit the road" (The Prince George Citizen, July 25, 1994)
- "Stand rapped" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 26, 1992)
- "Kemano-gov't conflict claimed" (The Prince George Citizen, April 11, 1994)
- "Natives could join inquiry" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 24, 1994)
- "Gov't kills Kemano project" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 23, 1995)
- "The Kemano decision" (The Prince George Citizen, Jan. 24, 1995)
- "Alcan breaks silence: Kemano decision criticized" and "Long, tiring battle over for Monk" (Prince George This Week, Jan. 29, 1995)
File also includes:
- River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.1, issue 2 (May. 1992) including Allied Rivers Commission "Policies and Objectives" (July 10, 1991) and "Nechako River winter flow comparison"
- River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.3, issue 1 (Nov. 1993)
- Blueprint: "Tanizul Timber Ltd. T.F.L 42, updated to 93 / 07
- Brian Gardiner, M.P. Campaign '93 Newsletter
- Gardiner Report - Update by Brian Gardiner, MP re: Fed must act on Kemano.
- Handwritten note by Bridget Moran re: Kemano project.
- Newsletter for the Nechacko Environmental Coalition, Edition 1:14 (Mar/April 1993)
- River Views: Newsletter of the Allied Rivers Commission, vol.2, issue 2 (March 1993)
- Information sheet re: public review of Kemano completion project.
File consists of notes and reproductions relating to a keekwilee house (kekuli or pithouse) at the College of New Calendona. Includes: "Keekwilee - house A Centennial Project for the College of New Caledonia" typescript document by Kent Sedgwick (Jan. 1971) and "Keekwilee House College of New Caledonia memo" typescript document from Gunar Capan to Kent Sedgwick (28 Jan. 1972).
Image depicts the old Kamloops Residential School which operated until either 1977 or 1978 before becoming part of the Secwepemc Musem in 1982.
Image depicts the old Kamloops Residential School which operated until either 1977 or 1978 before becoming part of the Secwepemc Musem in 1982.
Two carved poles stand in front of a wide wooden building. Forest in background.
Printed below image: "OLD KAGAAN TOTEMS, KETCHIKAN, ALASKA".
File consists of annotated transcript of interviews between Bridget Moran and Justa Monk.
File consists of:
- "Past mistakes recorded in new book" (Vancouver Sun, May 8, 1995)
- "Murder led to election as tribal leader: social worker recorded story" (Vancouver Courier, Dec. 28, 1984)
- Transcript of "Harkins! Bob Harkins Comment" re: Justa publication (Monarch Broadcasting, Nov. 21, 1994)
- "Fascinating life, times of Justa Monk" (The Prince George Citizen, Feb. 2, 1995)
- "Justa: A Review" (Central Interior NDP News)
- "Blanket coverage" (B.C. Bookworld, spring 1995)
- "Manslaughter, then Justa for all" and "Blanket coverage" (B.C. Bookworld, spring 1995)
- Fax from Laura Boyd, Northwood Pulp & Timber to Justa Monk (and Bridget Moran?) re: names and positions of executive staff at Northwood (Nov. 14, 1994).
Photograph depicts Justa Monk standing to right of Premier Harcourt in unknown room. John Alexis can be seen between them in background. Handwritten annotation on recto of photograph: "Justa Monk / John Alexis Tachie Village / The Premier / Taken in Prince George, B.C. Jan 23/95 / 'The day Kemano 2 was killed'."
Photograph depicts Justa Monk standing to right of Premier Harcourt in unknown room. John Alexis can be seen between them in background.
Photograph depicts three unidentified individuals gathered around Justa Monk as he signs a copy of 'Justa: a First Nations Leader'. Plants and bookshelves in background.
Justa Monk and Bridget Moran stand in foreground. Unidentified individuals can be seen in bookstore in background. Bridget Moran published a book in 1994 entitled 'Justa: A First Nations Leader, Dakelhne Butsowhudilhzulh'un'.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Moran asks Justa to identify reserves on a map. Moran tells Justa she wants to start the book with the history of reserves Justa lived in or around. Justa was born in Fort St. James. Moran asks what he wants to name the book.
05β 10β Justa talks about how long it took to get from place to place when he was a child. He talks about what types of transportation was used in the different seasons. He also discusses how the way of life changed when the road was built between Fort St. James and the other reserves. Moran suggests the road was bittersweet because of the loss of community.
25β 30β Justa is concerned about the loss of Indian culture to younger generations, so speaks his language often. He also worries about the dependency First Nations have on modern conveniences, so have forgotten how to live off the land.
33β 56β Moran asks how Justa feels about βculture camps.β
38β 25β Moran asks Justa which clans are in Tachie, where he names several.
40β 05β Moran tells Justa she has been reading his diaries and how she feels he is being killed by meetings once he became band manager. Justa says the meetings are beneficial to teaching himself what he needs to know.
42β 35β Justa talks about his nervous breakdown because of the amount of meetings he had to attend, which he averages at about one thousand a year.
43β 36β Moran asks Justa what the central concerns were for Tachie. Justa tells her hydro, sewage, telephone and cable services, and schools. Justa talks about the schools, in particular.
49β 46β Justa talks about the new band manager of Tachie.
50β 09β Moran asks about the Kemano Project. Justa tells her there are lot of uncertainties, but he is not sure what they are at the moment. Justa thinks the government will go ahead with Kemano II regardless of what the public think.
57β 27β Justa talks to Moran about the qualities of being a leader. His father told him he was too radical to be leader and had to respect other peopleβs opinions and nationalities to be successful. People are more supportive of his ideas now.
1: 00β 50β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Moran asks Justa about living βthree lives.β Justa discusses the three phases of his life β childhood, getting in trouble, and being in a leadership role.
03β 10β Moran asks Justa to discuss his older brother John. Justa talks about John and his personality and his relationships.
07β 35β Justa discusses the trouble he got into with John. Justa does not remember what started the fight, because no one wanted to tell him what had happened. Justa does not remember killing his brother, but discusses how he wanted to commit suicide after finding out the truth. Justa also talks about his jail time.
24β 14β Justa talks about his move to Dawson Creek to do upgrading. He still had the intention of Justa talks about adopting his niece.
26β 03β They return to discussing Justaβs committing suicide. He felt guilty about taking his brotherβs life. They also discuss his alcoholism.
35β 25β Moran asks Justa about how he felt about being Indian or being treated as a second-class citizen. Justa says he is proud to be Indian.
38β 35β Justa talks about being slapped as punishment for using his native language at school. He talks about kissing a girl and getting caught. He talks about his other punishments at residential school, and how he got tired of a specific teacher. He continues to discuss the school and assimilation into the βwhite world.β
53β 35β Moran asks about the name he was named after, Justa Hansen, who was from Tachie. Justa talks about how Hansen was an important leader of the community.
55β 52β Moran asks about βIndianβ food, such as deer, bear meat and salmon. He loves this type of food dried.
58β 49β Moran asks Justa when he became tribal chief. He talks about the history of the position and how he became the tribal chief.
1: 03β 30β Moran asks about Justaβs fatherβs potlatch. He talks about his parentsβ death.
1: 07β 17β End of tape.
Item is a recorded audio interview with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Justa talks about getting together a memorandum of understanding regarding boundaries for fishing grounds. Justa has also been discussing land claims with the provincial government. He talks about setting up the future for the younger generation. He says a fair land claim settlement would be the granting of traditional grounds.
5β 27β Moran asks about the Save The River campaign.
6β 14β Moran inquires about the diaries Justa is supposed to bring her. Justa wants to talk about his childhood. He feels his youth was better than the youth of today because they are given everything.
11β 06β Moran asks about Justaβs life in Portage and to describe a day he remembers from his time there before going to residential school. He talks about not being allowed out after dark and being respectful of other peopleβs property. He discusses being disciplined by talking about what was right and wrong.
15β 15β Justa talks about his time in residential school and how he was not allowed to speak his native language. He was shocked by the corporal punishment. Moran and Justa discuss about putting this in the book or not. He talks about not having any privacy in the residential school.
21β 55β They return to discussing the personal details of Justaβs life in Portage, such as eating porridge for breakfast. Moran and Justa discuss fishing and hunting, and the times of the year he would be away from home.
27β 55β Moran asks Justa about a day at the residential school. He talks about how he refused to buy a Bible. He participated in sports in his second year. He talks about the food and having to take cod liver oil. He talks about being a hockey player. He talks about the time he broke his leg at the residential school.
37β 51β Moran asks Justa about which of his sisters would be willing to talk to her. They begin to talk about Justaβs philandering and how he had a lot of fun during that time. He talks about cheating on Theresa, but they stayed together. They continue to talk about his sex life. He talks about his relationship with Theresa. He talks about his daughter, Sharon.
47β 00β Moran wants to talk about the trauma of John, his brother who was murdered. He tells Moran that was the time he started to turn his life around. They talk about his time in jail.
48β 18β Moran starts the interview with Theresa, Justaβs wife. Moran asks Theresa about her personal details. She talks about her family past. She got married to get away from her parents, who were her adoptive parents.
52β 40β Moran asks Theresa about going to residential school and how her parents would not allow it because they wanted to teach other responsibilities. Theresa talks about how some of her responsibilities were hunting beavers.
59β 30β Theresa starts talking about how she found out she was adopted. She discusses her real brothers and sisters and how several of them passed away from tuberculosis. She talks about how she is close to her adoptive mother. Theresa does not know why she was adopted out.
1:05β 57β Moran asks Theresa about residential school. Theresa says she could not speak English, so was punished for speaking her native language. She says there was no corporal punishment against her. She talks about getting tuberculosis and getting transferred to a hospital where she stayed for eighteen months. She learned how to speak English while at the hospital.
1: 14β 57β Theresa talks about getting married at the age of 18 in 1948. Theresa gets tuberculosis again in 1956, so was placed in a sanatorium. She returns to talking about her former husband and how he treated her poorly. He was sent to jail for about two years for assaulting Theresa.
1: 26β 50β Theresa talks about how difficult it was to obtain money for her and the children.
1: 27β 54β Moran asks about how she met Justa. She says she always liked him and thought he looked cute. She began to go out with Justa in the 1960s. She moved to Dawson Creek to be with Justa when he was released from jail.
1:33β 35β End of tape.
Item is a recorded audio interview with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Continuation of Tape 2. Justa discusses the review of the Kemano project. He wants a public review where there is First Nations representation. He is frustrated by the lack of a working relationship and being recognized as a leader.
03β 29β Their way of life is damaged from the flooding. Graveyards were flooded in the 1940s. Fishing grounds will never be the same. Kemano II will do the same damage to a narrower piece of land. Seven communities will be affected, particularly Stoney Creek, because there will be no more fishing grounds.
08β 27β They are doing this for more electricity, not for the aluminum. BC Hydro made a deal with Alcan for a bigger reservoir. Moran asks Justa if BC Hydro is the βimp in the woodpile.β Justa tells her there is a three-party agreement between Alcan, BC Hydro, and the provincial government. He tells her the project will not go ahead because he believes the Supreme Court will rule in their favour.
15β 05β Moran mentions Mary John saying that everything the First Nations βever got they had to fight for.β They briefly discuss Oka. Justa returns to discussing the Kemano II project.
16β 53β Moran asks Justa about the Aluminum Company of Canada.
17β 49β They both talk about the Indian Agent that would not let First Nations people in his home. They both relay their disgust with a specific Indian Agent.
18β 41β Moran asks Justa about the Carrier-Sekani land claims. He discusses having to revisit the boundary lines. Justa talks about an agreement he signed on September 21, 1992, where there would be proper representation for the First Nations people.
26β 30β Justa discusses the βpotlatch lawβ which he describes as βlove, share, and respect.β He talks about how he often gets a good response from groups he teaches.
34β 51β Moran tells Justa how she was contacted by the Stoney Creek Band regarding how they collected several stories that are unreadable. They have asked Moran to somehow transcribe them properly.
36β 37β Moran asks Justa about the Kemano II decision from the Supreme Court. He talks about how he is disappointed in the decision, but said he expected it because the government has rarely ruled in favour of First Nations issues.
43β 16β Justa tells Moran that he was written a letter to President Bill Clinton and Vice-President Al Gore extending an open invitation to see the damage the Kemano II project has done to the environment.
45β 03β Moran asks Justa when he returned to Tachie to work. He discusses his work there. In 1969, he began work at BC Rail. He moved to Dawson Creek with Theresa and their family.
51β 09β Moran asks Justa about returning to the village of Tachie, particularly with the trouble that had happened with his brother. He talks about how the elders believed that everything would work out and how many of his achievements relate to that philosophy.
54β 37β Moran asks Justa about his maintenance work for BC Rail. He describes his position in detail.
59β 44β Moran asks Justa about the great gardens his father had grown, but this has stopped because of the road. He talks about bringing in television to the community. He talks about when hydro came into the community in the early 1970s. He talks about the water and sewage system being implemented in the mid-1970s.
1:05β 10β Justa talks about when he became band manager in 1973. He describes his position. Moran asks about the difference between band manager and chief. Justa describes the difference.
1:13β 21β Moran asks about whether or not Justa had to deal with Indian Agents or the DIA during that time. He describes his band manager position further as being a marriage counsellor, policeman, secretary, a bouncer, and always trying to make peace within the community. He talks about the pressure of the position, and how it made his alcoholism worse, how he was on sleeping and nerve pills.
1:21β 31β Moran asks about the population of Tachie. She asks about the location of Grand Rapids.
1:22β 33β Justa talks about becoming chief in 1975, but also kept the band manager position. He discusses in detail about being both, particularly with social issues. He talks about how parties often ended up in some accident ie a little girl getting shot.
1:28β 34β Moran asks about the isolation of the community. Justa discusses calling for a boat or a plane to evacuate someone in case of an emergency.
1:30β 10β End of tape.
Item is a recorded audio interview with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β10β Bridget Moran interviews Justa Monk. They discuss the ancestry of his last name and its original spelling, Monck. Moran wants to know more about Monkβs genealogy. She tells Justa his family history will be a chapter in the book.
08β 45β Justa discusses how his ancestors move around on the land for hunting purposes. Moran wants to know more about gardens.
10β 19β The interview returns to Justaβs family history, particularly the arranged marriage between his mother and father.
12β 33β Moran asks about Justaβs immediate family. Justa talks about his brothers and sisters.
16β 54β Justa talks about alcoholism with his brothers and sisters, and with other families.
20β 10β Moran returns to asking about Justaβs brothers and sisters. Justa talks about one of his brothers being shot and killed; mentions the name of the man who killed his brother. Justa talks about his nephew getting shot by the RCMP.
27β 54β Moran asks Justa about the relationship between him and his siblings. He talks about being the one who is reliable; has strong leadership skills, even though he is the youngest child.
30β 50β Moran asks about Justaβs mother. She loved going to potlatches, did a lot of sewing. She was a very quiet and religious person. Justaβs father was the same, very outspoken. Justa tells Moran he is close to all of his brothers and sisters after she asks which he is closest. When Justa was 5 years old, he spent a lot of time with his father, where he learned to hunt by the age of 7.
34β 20β Moran asks about Justaβs housing when he was growing up. He tells her his family had a large house, but there were no bedrooms, so they had different corners where they would sleep. They had a large garden outside of their home.
39β 20β Justa talks about how isolated Portage was, so they had to grow their own food.
40β 41β Moran asks about churches. Justa tells her there was a church and a priest came into Portage once in a while.
41β 10β Moran asks about what Justa remembers about Christmas. He remembers getting dressed up and going to church to sing hymns.
43β 02β Moran asks Justa which of his brothers and sisters went to school. Justa says his sisters were not punished or abused. His brothers enjoyed school. His brothers and sisters were not allowed to speak their language, and this was their only disappointment. Justa talks about his experiences at school; he quit school and tried to get a job.
50β 24β Moran asks about when Justa moved from Portage to Tachie.
52β 34β Moran asks about Justa trying to get a job at such a young age. He got a job with his brothers at a sawmill in Fort St. James.
55β 33β Justa says he was born in 1943. Moran asks about when he met Theresa, his wife. They began their common-law relationship in 1966.
57β 13β Moran asks about how long Justa was in jail. He served 9 months and was released on parole.
1:02β 53β Justa talks about being unemployed and broke. Theresa came to visit him at camp where she stayed for 6 or 7 months. He talks about getting married later on in their relationship. Moran asks about where Theresa is from. Theresa is from Tachie but he did not know her growing up. Moran asks about Theresaβs background.
1:08β27β Justa talks about his many girlfriends, partying, and being a womanizer. Theresa and him got βseriousβ after she had their daughter.
1:11β 24β Moran ends the interview. She tells Justa they will change the pace for the next interview by discussing land claims. Moran asks Justa about running for chief. He lost the first time he ran.
1:14β28β Moran asks Justa about Kemano. Back in 1948, Kemano I was created. The Indian Agent came to the reserves for signatures so the Kemano project could go ahead. Justa says the people did not have time to move their things when the flooding began. People were misled with regards to what the Kemano project was about. People on the reserves were moved to Grassy Plains β they were spread out, not the same community as they were. In 1982, First Nations people began to fight back against Kemano II. Justa was a district chief.
1:24β 48β Justa discusses the need for an environmental assessment for the Kemano project. The case to the Supreme Court and are currently waiting for the decision. The provincial government claims there is no need for environmental assessment and are planning to go forward with the project. Justa discusses the commission and the Kemano case, in general.
1:30β 07β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Moran is talking to Theresa, Justaβs wife. Moran asks her what Corpus Christi means. Theresa tells her it is a place where First Nations people from the area planted trees in a big circle. It was a prayer circle where the bishop would say mass.
05β 10β Moran asks Theresa about Sports Day in Fort St. James, which was more like a rodeo.
06β 17β Moran is now talking to Justa. Moran asks Justa about trips to Babine Lake that Jimmy previously mentioned. Justa does not remember the trips, but he imagines they were very cold.
09β 17β Moran asks Justa about the store Jimmy used to run. Justa tells Moran the store was operating on the store credit, hence the downfall of the business. They continue to talk about opening a store in Tachie that is operated by someone with a strong business mind.
13β 37β Moran asks Justa about a family member from Burns Lake that his sisters previously mentioned. Justa tells her that the family member is an aunt.
14β 34β Moran asks Justa about the residential school. She enquires about his ability to play hockey. Justa never wore skates until he attended residential school.
16β 03β Moran asks Justa about fishing with a safety pin. He tells her that one Indian can eat anything.
16β 53β They return to talking about residential school and if Justa had ever returned. He went back when he was forty-five to visit the area.
18β 34β Moran asks about the house his family used to live in. Justa is not sure about his brotherβs story regarding the Hudsonβs Bay Company. He is sure that the house they lived in was built byt heir family.
21β 01β Moran asks about Justaβs brother who passed away when he was quite young. Justa says his mother told him his brother fell off the roof and broke his neck. They talk about Justaβs brother, Teddy, being killed.
24β 04β Moran asks Justa about the community making their own snowshoes. Justa tells her what they made the snowshoes out of β deer hide, cow hide, moose hide. Justa talks about going out on the trap line with his father in his homemade snowshoes.
26β 21β Moran asks Justa about his previous employment from 1957 on. He gives a chronological account of his employment history until 1967, when he went to jail. After 1969, he continued to work. He always worked. They continue to talk about his past employment.
39β 32β Moran asks Justa about his social life between 1957 and 1967. He tells her that he had a good time. He started to drink at seventeen.
40β 53β Moran asks about Justaβs brother Teddy and their relationship. Justa tells her they were close, like twin brothers.
41β 52β They talk about his alcoholism and how it led to fighting. Justa continues to talk about his drinking days and how much trouble it caused him. He also talks about how his parents tried to discourage drinking between him and his brothers. His parents were not worried about his sisters because they settled down early.
48β 52β Justa talks about how often he saw his family, particularly his parents, during that time period. He says he always felt close to his family, no matter what happened.
50β 27β Moran asks Justa about how he earned a dollar a week leading children to the residential school. They talk about his arm being broken in the last year he attended residential school. He talks about playing hockey throughout his time at residential school.
54β 11β Moran asks Justa about how the Kemano II Project is going. Justa said in an interview the process should stop entirely because people are resigning on the governmentβs side. Justa tells her they are going to publicly protest the project.
59β 16β End of tape.
File consists of handwritten note from Roseanne Moran to her mother Bridget re: the "Justa" draft and an annotated draft of "Justa."
File consists of a handwritten letter from Mayo Moran to her mother Bridget re: the "Justa" draft (April 6, 1994), an annotated draft of "Justa," "Land Claims" pamphlet produced by the Carrier Sekani Tribal Council, and "Fort St. James Forest District Recreation Map" produced by the Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests (Dec. 1991).
File consists of an annotated transcript of interviews between Bridget Moran and Justa Monk.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Moran asks about when the roads were built to Tachie. Justa talks about the length of time it took to get to work from Tachie to Portage before the roads were built. After some people drowned, the pressure was put on the Department of Indian Affairs to build a road. Justa talks about his trips before the road was built.
07β 42β Moran asks about why Tachie was not built around Stuart Lake but at the mouth of the creek. Justa gives a brief history of Tachie.
09β 20β Moran asks Justa about the history of his father, particularly what his jobs were.
11β 01β Moran asks Justa what Camp 24 is, where his mother and father stayed at times. It was a camp owned by the Roman Catholic Church where people could stay while they worked in the bush. Justa says the camp was more of a settlement. Moran and Justa continue to talk about the living conditions of Camp 24.
16β 47β Moran asks Justa about his fatherβs mother. Justa never met his grandmother, even though his father continued to visit her. They continue to talk about the history of Justaβs parents.
20β 10β Moran tells Justa she has heard there are no more gardens in Tachie today. Justa tells Moran that people no longer live off the land and that is why the gardens no longer exist. Justa says he feels lucky that he was able to experience life by living off the land. Moran asks about how home brew is made. Justa gives a list of the ingredients and how it needed to sit for twenty-four hours before being able to drink it.
25β 00β Moran asks Justa about what his first memories of Fort St. James were. He talks about his childhood memories and his first experience in driving in a vehicle.
29β 58β Moran asks Justa about how many families are in Portage. Fifteen to twenty are there, which Justa says is bigger than when he was growing up. There is a problem of over-crowding with about 300 people living there.
31β 14β Justa talks about going into the cellar to collect stuff for his mother, such as jams. He talks about how his parents never ate any canned food, and always continued to live off the land. Justa continues to talk about the relationship between his parents and how happy they were together, how they rarely argued. When his mother passed away, his father passed away shortly after because he stopped taking care of himself.
36β 44β Moran asks Justa about fishing. Justa talks about fishing from a reef in the fall. Justa would smoke the fish in a tent that other people had set up. He talks about living off the land, where nothing was wasted. In the winter, he would ice-fish.
41β 00β Justa talks about how he enjoys going back to the old way of life and is looking forward to finishing his leadership position, so he can return to the old ways. He talks about rehabilitating his mind and body because he is burning out from his busy schedule.
43β 06β Moran asks if she can talk to Justaβs sisters and a friend of his family. Justa tells her that his sisters are looking forward to speaking to her. They talk about the benefits of aging.
47β 08β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 05β Justa is talking about cutting wood for heat at home. He talks about wrecking his fatherβs axe. He continues to tell amusing stories about his childhood, which include his siblings and his father.
04β 45β Moran asks Justa about how many employees he had when he was band manager. Justa talks about his work as band manager. They continue to talk about sawmills in the area. Justa discusses land rights as a result of the sawmills in their territory. Justa talks about tree farm licenses and the disputes between the band and the government. He talks about agreements the band has with Northwood Pulp and Timber Ltd.
16β 35β Moran asks Justa about the note Theresa left him about being either a father or a band manager. They talk about this briefly.
18β 23β Moran asks Justa about stories in his diary, such as trying to quit smoking. They talk about Justa becoming band leader. They continue to talk about Justaβs duties as general manager for the band and the politics surrounding the position.
25β 14β Moran asks Justa about developing a school board for Tachie that is run by First Nations people. He wants to develop a proper curriculum that embraces the old way of life to maintain their culture.
30β 40β Moran asks Justa why he stepped down as general manager for the band. Justa talks about someone else wanting the position. He also talks about the restraints on him. He talks about becoming tribal chief. He was given the mandate to deal with Kemano II, land claims, and developing forms of self-government.
41β 15β Moran asks about the spread of AIDS in Tachie. Justa says, like cancer, it has spread because of stupidity. His people were healthy until the modernization of their society.
42β 22β They return to discussing the opening of sawmills in the Tachie area, as well as tree licenses.
49β 00β Moran asks Justa how many bands have dropped out of land claims issues. Ten remain, he tells her. They continue to discuss the issue of land claims.
50β 47β Moran asks about when the tribal chiefs came together to have a common goal with regard to land claims. They continue to discuss land base, the progress of land claims, and the amount of people in each area. Justa talks about private companies entering their land and building private roads to log the area. They continue to talk about the politics of the position.
1:00β 13β Moran asks Justa about his tribal chief position. He tells her it is a βtwenty-four hour machineβ and to develop working relationships between the bands and the government, particularly with land claims and poverty issues. Justa continues to talk about his position.
1:09β 11β Moran asks Justa which position he feels has helped his people the most. He tells her being band manager and tribal chief because he feels he has the right vision for his people that he can implement through clear direction and demanding certainty from the government, particularly with land claims. He talks about wanting to save the future of the nations and saving the river from the Kemano II Project. They continue to discuss the history of the Kemano II Project.
1:17β 38β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 06β Justa is talking about the Kemano II Project and what he said in a meeting with the Ministers. He has asked them to stop the Project or they will face judicial review because they are basing the Project on a political basis, not a scientific basis. He says he feels he will win the case.
04β 57β Moran tells Justa she is working on the chapter about when he kills his brother John. Moran asks Justa about what happened and he tells her all he remembers is when the cops arrested him. They continue to talk about what happened, though Justaβs memory is vague. Justa talks about his time in prison.
24β 54β Moran asks Justa about when he moved to Fort St. James after he was released from prison. He moved to Dawson Creek after being picked arrested again.
27β 58β Justa talks about moving back to Tachie, then going to work for BC Rail in 1970. At that time, he was hired as band manager.
28β 50β They return to discussing the Kemano II Project.
32β 20β Moran and Justa return to discussing the murder of his brother.
34β 50β Moran and Justa talk about Brother Anderson, who worked at the residential school.
41β 15β Moran talks to Justa about his brother Alec who passed away at a young age. The person who fell off a roof was a cousin.
42β 30β Moran asks Justa about being left on Haldi Road when he was working at the rehabilitation camp. He talks about Haldi Camp and it was decent living conditions. There was no counselling offered.
47β 57β Moran asks Justa if his troubles at that time were related to alcohol. He tells her that his fights were caused from drinking. He talks about his parents telling him they were worried about his drinking. He began to black out, but did not worry about it because he says he was young and did not pay attention.
49β 55β After Justa left Dawson Creek, he returned to Tachie. Two weeks after he was home, Teddy was shot. They talk about the circumstances surrounding his death.
56β 08β Moran asks Justa about his memories of Tachie when he started as a maintenance man in the 1970s. He says the roads were rough or hardly there. He talks about his job shovelling snow or pulling vehicles out of the mud. They talk about the Tachie community in the early 1970s. Justa talks about building the community up.
1: 08β00β Justa talks about his wedding to Theresa. Very few people attended the wedding. It took a long time for Justaβs family to recognize her as part of the family.
1: 12β 54β Moran asks Justa about life in Tachie. Justa tells her things were done collectively, there was no division within in the community. He wishes the old way of life was still a part of the community. He talks about the love of βpotlatchβ in the community. He talks about how the old way of life disappeared once the road was built.
1: 19β 50β Moran asks Justa what he is working on. Justa says he is wrapping up the treaty process, budget proposals, and a couple other issues. He talks about Kemano II. He is serious about leaving his position because he has been neglecting his family. They continue to talk about the Kemano II Project.
1: 29β 09β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β02β Justa is talking about the store in Tachie.
02β 13β Moran asks Justa to clarify his different positions when working for the band, and when he served in those positions. He talks about the years he was band manager and tribal chief, and talks about these positions. He discusses the stress of the positions because of lack of funding.
16β 29β Moran asks Justa about the different programs, such as water systems and education. Justa discusses getting the water system into Tachie. He discusses the details of trying to get the water system, particularly trying to get funding and getting the proper contractors. He talks about the stress of the position and how it affected his mind.
39β 04β Justa talks about the differences between being a band manager and a tribal chief. He tells her there were no politics involved in being a band manager.
41β 30β Moran asks Justa to draw her a map of Tachie and Sunnyside for the book, so she knows where everything can be found. Justa draws her a detailed map that includes the lake and the river.
52β 34β Moran asks Justa about his week as a band manager and tribal chief, starting from Monday to Friday. He talks about his meetings involving contracts, social assistance, education, and other funding concerns. He reads from his diary to Moran.
1:02β 55β Moran asks Justa about when Tachie received a telephone system. Justa talks about how he actually regrets getting a telephone and television system because of the loss of community.
1:08β 55β Justa returns to talking about Kemano II.
1:14β 59β Moranβs voice is muffled and incomprehensible.
1:16β 35β Moran asks Justa for photographs for the book. Moran wants a subtitle for the book, so asks Justa for something in Carrier. Moran tells Justa that the CBC has asked why she is writing a book about him. They discuss the general details of the book.
1:26β 17β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 01β Justa is talking about the Kemano II Project, which he states is a political issue, not an environmental one. He says the Project is a public issue now, not just a First Nations issue.
06β 52β Moran asks Justa about when he was elected to tribal chief. He talks about the nominations process.
09β 52β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 04β Moran is talking about book signings for Justaβs book.
00β 27β Justa and Moran talk about board members for the Kemano II Project. They continue to talk about the Kemano II Project. Justa says the amount of pressure he is putting on the government, combined with public support, hopefully means Kemano II will be stopped. They continue to discuss the details and the politics surrounding the Project.
10β 26β Moran asks Justa whether he was surprised or not when he lost the position of tribal chief at the last Assembly. He tells her he was not surprised. He talks about the first time he resigned from the position due to stress. He says the band knew he was tired, so did not want the position any longer. In a letter he wrote, he stated it was time for some new blood.
21β 11β Moran asks Justa about his new position. He talks about being a contractor to Northwood Pulp and Timber where he liaisons between First Nations people and the company on employment concerns and tree sales. He talks about his position in more detail.
28β 46β Moran asks Justa about how he feels about his life now. He tells her he feels good about what he has accomplished, but he needs a rest. He talks about his accomplishments throughout his career. He tells Moran he has no regrets about anything.
37β 55β Moran asks Justa about his health issues and how he is feeling now.
38β 57β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β 10β Moran is asking Justa about how he is feeling because he had a major heart attack. He talks about recovering from his attack in a week.
02β 15β Moran asks Justa about what he thinks about the Gustafson Lake situation. He says he predicted it because the government has not been serious enough in negotiations for land claims. He does not believe in militant reactions and wants peaceful negotiations.
04β 54β Moran asks Justa about what helped him get out of the βtrenchβ he was in after murdering his brother. He was able to carry on partly because he was forgiven by his family and the elders. He says the elders were the people who convinced him to plan for his future. He took their advice seriously, hence why he took on leadership roles.
07β 15β Justa talks about taking a group of students to meet Gino (?), a hockey player. He says he wants to make things better for the young people because of alcohol and drugs, so believed the trip helped the students he took on the trip.
13β 34β End of tape.
Item is a audio interview recorded by Bridget Moran with Justa Monk.
Audiocassette Summary
00β03β Moran asks Justa how the Department of Indian Affairs party went at Other Art Cafe.
01β20β Moran tells Justa she has a number of questions regarding his political career. They talk about the number of bands in the area.
05β 11β Justa talks about the nomination process for becoming tribal chief at the annual Assembly. He talks about when he was nominated and how he believed that he was nominated based on his character. Moran asks about the culture surrounding the Assembly, including entertainment. Justa tells her he did not participate in any of the activities.
12β 41β Justa talks about his mother loving potlatch.
14β 35β Moran asks Justa about the personal qualities it takes to be tribal chief. He tells her he was nominated because the people knew and trusted him.
16β 03β Moran asks Justa about the role he played in getting the Department of Indian Affairs shut down. He tells her about leading a mandate to close the Prince George office through lawyers and the support of his people.
25β 18β Moran asks Justa about the development of a school board for the reservations. He wants the school curriculum to teach the language and the culture. He has negotiated with the federal and provincial governments to implement these plans.
29β 13β Moran asks Justa about his role in land claims. Justa talks about negotiating with the government to get some of the land back to his people. He has played a big role, he says, because he knows the area, the language, and the people. He talks about the long, drawn out process of planning the land claims concerns. Justa has a mandate as tribal chief to address land claims. He says the important part of the process is educating the people, white and non-white.
45β 49β Moran is talking about Alcan locating grave markers to compensate for the damage done from the original Kemano project.
47β 47β Moran asks Justa the role he has played in the Kemano II Project. He tells her that he took a big role because he saw the way of life being destroyed, never mind the environmental damage. He says he hates the concept of the project. Justa talks at length about the politics surrounding the Kemano II Project.
1:07β 55β Moran asks Justa about which politicians he has met in his time as tribal chief. She encourages him to drop names. He lists a number of provincial and federal politicians.
1:10β 45β Moran asks Justa about the Oka situation and any role he played in helping to negotiate the situation. He talks about an emergency Assembly. He discusses supporting the situation and telling his own people that they should not protest with the people from Oka to maintain peaceful land claims negotiations. He says he had to keep things calm in his own territory while offering support.
1:13β 30β Moran asks Justa about the referendum regarding self-government. They talk about which way they voted.
1:16β 20β Moran asks Justa about the consecration of the graveyards that were flooded by Kemano. He talks about how emotional the ceremony was and how much it hurt to be treated like second-class citizens. One woman described it as being chased out like a pack of coyotes.
1:19β 50β Moran asks Justa about running for tribal chief again because he has unfinished business with the Kemano II Project.
1:20β50β Moran talks about the chapters of the book with Justa. They discuss some of the stories Moran is writing within the book.
1:28β 42β End of tape.
File consists of an oral history given by Junter (Joe) ter Heide, which was gathered as part of Dr. Mike Evan's Island Cache Recovery Project. Includes consent forms, transcripts, and the recorded oral history on the original media.
Boat floats close to shore in foreground, forest and hills on opposite shore in background. Joyce is the daughter of Bertha and W.E. Collison, and the granddaughter of Marion and Archdeacon W.H. Collison.
Handwritten annotation on verso reads: "Upper Nass River Sept. 1933. Joyce with Tom Moorhouse & the medical officer".
Footage of men grooming horses, saddling horses and loading horses as they prepare for a journey. Location is believed to be Holt Homestead.
File consists of documents regarding Joseph Tappage, also known as Sousa Thappage, Joseph Vernon Tapage, Joe Merrienne, or Joseph Thapage. Includes:
- Lynette Harris, "Joseph Tappage: A Case Study of a Metis Employee of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort George, 1887-1910", 2009
- Robin Fairservice, "An Early South Fort George Pioneer", 2014
Item consists of a letter written by John McCormick to a person named James; it is not made clear if James is a friend or relative. In both his letter to James, John McCormick makes several references to Victoria. His familiarity with Victoria suggests that he may have travelled from Victoria to Barkerville to mine for gold. In his letters to James, John McCormick describes having no money and living under poor conditions. He mentions the great fire that swept through Barkerville and that he lost nothing due to its distance from his house. McCormick also mentions that the Indians are dying quickly of Small Pox in Victoria.
File consists of an oral history given by Joan Paulson and Sharlene Leepart, which was gathered as part of Dr. Mike Evan's Island Cache Recovery Project. Includes consent forms, transcripts, and the recorded oral history on the original media.
File consists of an oral history given by Jerline Doucette, which was gathered as part of Dr. Mike Evan's oral history project with the Prince George Metis Elders Society. Includes consent forms, transcripts, and the recorded oral history on the original cassette.