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Photograph depicts the view from Germansen Lodge of Omineca River with a forested shoreline and mountain ranges in the background.

Photograph depicts Ralph Meiser and another man ("Crites"?) paddling a wooden boat on the Omineca River near Germansen Landing.

Photograph depicts two men and two dogs resting near a wooden rowboat stopped along the shoreline of upper Osilinka River near Swiggums mining claims.

Photograph depicts Emil Bronlund at the back of a wooden motor boat resting after a swim in the Omineca River, located near Germansen Landing.

Photograph depicts Emil Bronlund and another man kneeling at camp with a tent and cooking fire. The camp is located at Little Canyon near the upper Omineca River.

Photograph depicts the rocky shoreline and forest environment at the entrance to Little Canyon viewed from the Omineca River.

Photograph depicts a man siting in a wooden boat on the Omineca River leading to the entrance of Little Canyon toward a forested shoreline.

Photograph depicts two men inspecting dirt at Swiggums' mining claim near Osilinka River.

Photograph depicts Clarence Waldof sitting on the bow end of a wooden boat floating on End Lake off the Osilinka River with a forested landscape along the shoreline. A mountain range is visible in the background of the photo.

Photograph depicts men fishing off a rocky point between the Omineca and Osilinka Rivers.

Photograph depicts two large totem poles on either side of the front steps of Kwakwaka'wakw cedar plank houses. An unidentified woman and three small children can be seen in foreground. A second building stands in background on right. Handwritten annotation on recto of photograph states: "New Hazelton". However, this annotation has been determined to be incorrect; this photograph is believed to depict Alert Bay. The nearest tall pole seen in the picture may be "Raven of the Sea" carved by Mungo Martin in 1902.

Photograph depicts Heber Maitland speaking at microphone with Iona Campagnolo, Mrs. Ivy Maitland, and others seated at the opening of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Photograph depicts Iona Campagnolo, Heber Maitland, Mrs. Ivy Maitland, and others at the opening celebrations of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Photograph was taken during a tour of the Skeena riding in the summer of 1978. Unidentified man walks in background.

Handwritten annotation on verso reads: “June 78, Kitamaat, Heber Mrs. Maitland”.

Photograph depicts Heber Maitland holding a commemorative plaque at the opening of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Photograph depicts Heber Maitland cutting the ribbon at the opening of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Photograph depicts Heber Maitland with cut ribbon at the opening of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Photograph depicts Heber Maitland and three unknown men at the opening of the Haisla Recreation Centre in Kitamaat Village.

Item is a hand drawn and coloured map by the City of Prince George Planning Department depicting Hart Highway neighbourhood area existing land use in 1976.

This paper by Brad Hawkes describes, from a newspaper media's perspective, changes in how fires were fought, reported, and described from 1912-1961 for significant fire years in the Prince George area.

Fonds consists of personal papers, books, manuscripts, photographic materials, audio recordings and electronic records arranged into five series, which relate to Mr. Fawcett's personal life, his creative works and his relationships with members of the literary community.

This 3.5" floppy contains the following EP 1148 .TXT data sets from 1995-1997:

• sbsapc.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-Boreal Spruce" Intact soil cores
• sbsbd.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-Boreal Spruce" Bulk density mineral soil 0-20cm
• sbsffc.txt "Long-term Soil Productivity Study, Sub-boreal Spruce" SBS forest floor bulk density and mass3
• sbsfc.txt "Long-term Soil Productivity Study, Sub-boreal spruce" SBS forest floor chemistry
• sbsmc.txt "Long-term Soil Productivity Study, Sub-boreal Spruce sites" SBS mineral soil chemistry
• sbskgff.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-boreal spruce zone" SBS forest floor nutrient mass in kg/ha
• sbskgmm.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-boreal spruce" SBS mineral nutrient mass in kg/ha
• sbsom.txt "Long-term Soil Productivity Study, SBS" "SBS bole-only treatment, slash levels"
• sbscr.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-boreal spruce zone" Timber cruise of initial stands
• sbshtcr.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, SBS" Age vs height curves - pretreatment data (mature stand)
• sbssi.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-Boreal Spruce zone" Carmean estimates of site indices for initial stand
• sbstr.txt "Long-term soil productivity study, Sub-Boreal Spruce" Tree measurements

The BC Ministry of Forest's EP 1148 Long-term Soil Productivity (LTSP) study addresses two key factors— soil porosity and site organic matter—that potentially limit tree growth and site productivity in the timber-harvesting land base and that can be affected by forestry operations.

This establishment report for EP 1148, "The effects of soil compaction and organic matter retention on long-term soil productivity in British Columbia (Experimental Project 1148)", is accompanied by a floppy disk containing 12 data sets (see 2023.2.2.11.2).

This 75th anniversary history of the Quest Club presented by Margaret Moffat and Joan Grainger at a celebratory luncheon held at Esther's Inn on October 12th, 1999 was gleaned from the History of the Quest Club prepared by Joy McMillan and Joan Grainger in 1984 for the 60th Anniversary of the Quest Club, and from Minutes of the Quest Club meetings up to 1999.

The Quest Club was started by six Prince George women who quested for more information in all fields of knowledge.

This 16mm film of Eagle Lake Sawmills was produced by Torajiro Sasaki in July 1952, likely commissioned or with permission from the sawmill owners, the Spurs. The film depicts logging and sawmilling operations at the Eagle Lake Sawmill, as well as shots of the bunkhouses, exterior shots of the mill, and the beehive burner. Employees of the mill are shown at work. In 1952, Eagle Lake Sawmill used both machinery and horses in their operations.

File consists of the following original items:

• Letter to G.G. Aitken from K.F. McCusker (Jan. 9, 1934)
• Letter to G.G. Aitken from K.F. McCusker (June 20, 1934)
• Letter to G.G. Aitken from K.F. McCusker (May. 9, 1938)
• Certificate no. 484 bestowed upon Knox Freeman McCusker enabling him to be admitted as an Articled Pupil with the Dominion Lands Surveyors. (Feb. 22, 1909)

File consists of the following photocopied items:

• Letter to Mrs. J. Norman Henry from G.G. Aitken, Chief Geographer (May 22, 1935)
• Memorandum to Mr. F.H. Peters, Surveyor General (Topographical Survey of Canada) from R. W. Cautley, Acting Chief of Control Surveys (Dec. 17, 1931)
• Letter to Mr. F.H. Peters, Surveyor General from F.C. Green, Surveyor General (June 22, 1932)
• Letter to Mr. F.H. Peters, Surveyor General from Knox McCusker (Dec. 8, 1931)
• Letter to Mr. F.H. Peters, Surveyor General from Knox McCusker (Dec. 2, 1931)
• Letter to Mr. F.H. Peters, Surveyor General from Knox McCusker (Oct. 2, 1931)
• Letter to unknown recipient from J. Norman Henry (Oct. 15, 1931)
• Letter to K.F. McCusker from G.G.A. (G.G. Aitken?) Member on Geographic Board of Canada Representing B.C. (June 2, 1938)
• Letter to unknown recipient from Gwen McCusker (Sept. 5, 1944)
• Letter to Mrs. McCusker from Sgd. J. Clarke Williams on the occasion of the death of Knox McCusker (April 27, 1955)

File consists of the following materials:

• Letter to Vernon C. Brink from the National Archives of Canada re: Knox McCusker holdings (March 1, 1999)
• Photocopy of article: "Living Landscapes: Exploring the wilds of northeaster BC" by Ross Peck and Brian Apland
• Some materials for an article on Knox McCusker, D.L.S.
• Material about the life of Knox Freeman McCusker
• Letter to Mrs. Rutherford (Oct. 5, 1999) re: access to interview of Knox McCusker by Frank Willis
• Accession information print-out re: interview of Knox McCusker by Frank Willis in 1954
• National Archives of Canada accession information print-out re: Dominion Land Surveyor Diaries, 1881-1930
• Mary Henry / Knox McCusker "Team" (April 19, 1998)
• Letter to Mrs. Rutherford from George Ungar re: background information on Knox McCusker

File consists of the following articles and speeches written by Knox McCusker:

• "Reminiscences of Knox McCusker" (63 typewritten pages)
• "Back and Beyond the Peace" by K.McCusker (taken from the Toronto Star Weekly Saturday May 5, 1928) – retyped
• "The Alaska Highway" by Knox F. McCusker, D.L.S. (The Canadian Surveyor, July 1943)-photocopy
• Mr. McCusker's speech (5 pages)
• “Tropical Valleys of B.C.” (4 pages)
• "The president has called me an old old surveyor…" speech written by K. McCusker
• "In the early days of my career in the Surveying profession…" written by K. McCusker

File consists of the following items:

• "Mac" by D.L. Surveyor
• "Knox (Mac) McCusker: Dominion Land Surveyor" by E.L. Rutherford, V.C. Brink, R.S. Silver and M.Z. (Smokey) Neighbour
• Excerpts from Men and Meridians by Don W. Thomson
• Article re: Knox McCusker written on the occasion of his death (April 14, 1955)
• "McKusker (sic) to open up Blueberry Mountain Area" (Alaska Highway News, June 8, 1950)
• "McCusker was surveyor, big game guide….also rancher and trail blazer"
• "Knox Freeman McCusker" written on the occasion of his death (The Canadian Surveyor, July 1955)
• "Veteran Surveyor - Alaska Highway Stories"
• Memories of Knox McCusker by his oldest niece Betty (McCusker) Rutherford
• "Veteran Surveyor prefers horses for long bush treks" by Eric Young (Edmonton Journal)
• Eulogy for Knox McCusker read by Stanley D. Seif at Burch Presbyterian Church in Fort St. John, B.C.
• Eulogy for Gwendolyn Dorothy McCusker (July 1997)
• "Tropical Valley No Myth: amazing story of woman who lived there" by Thomas A. Wayling (Vancouver Sun)
• Photocopy of section of map: "Topographical sketch map showing route traversed by the Bedaux Sub-Arctic Expedition 1934 through the Rocky Mountains" (by Frank Swannell, March 27, 1935)
• Memories of Knox McCusker by Bill McCusker, his oldest nephew
• "There is always a reason; destiny made it a date. The corridor of the Alcan didn’t just happen" (Fort St. John publication)
• Article on Knox McCusker (ALS News, Winter 1983)

File consists of photocopies of various report front covers and references to Knox McCusker from 1926-1931.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 8 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1935 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 6 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1935 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item consists of a summary document entitled "Notable Surveys" by Mrs. W.K. Rutherford, V.C. Brink, R.S. Silver, and M.Z. ("Smokey") Neighbour. The document summarizes Knox McCusker's notable surveys. This article may have been put together by the authors for, or in conjunction with, a submission to a historical serial publication.

Item consists of photocopied documents regarding Mary Gibson Henry's expeditions in Northern BC. Includes itineraries for her team's 1931 trip and 1932 trip. Also includes a document that provides additional details about the expeditions.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of "A Thousand Miles Exploring on Horseback in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The original document may have been a draft article written for the Canadian Geographical Society in 1935.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of "Exploring and Plant Collecting in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry, reprinted from the 1933 Year Book of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 6 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1935 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 5 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1935 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 4 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1934 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 3 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1934 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 2 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1934 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

Item is a photocopy reproduction of part 1 of "Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia" by Mary Gibson Henry. The article is a photocopy of a reprint from the 1934 issue of the National Horticultural Magazine.

With support from the Muskwa-Kechika Trust Fund as a Seed Grant, Dr. Paul Sanborn carried out a pilot study of soils in relation to prescribed burning in the Northern Rocky Mountains, in collaboration with Perry Grilz, then a Range Officer in the Ministry of Forests. Sanborn and Grilz conducted 3 days of field work in July 2001. Sanborn wanted to test the utility of plant-derived opal (phytoliths) as a soil indicator of vegetation history, in the hope of distinguishing natural grasslands from those created by anthropogenic burning.

The Kluane Lake area of SW Yukon was a continuing focus of Dr. Paul Sanborn's research for more than a decade, and generated several productive collaborations. Key themes included biological soil crusts in boreal grasslands, and interactions between aeolian sediment deposition, slope processes, and fire in boreal grassland and forest soils.

Research results appeared in these publications:
Marsh, J., Nouvet, S., Sanborn, P., and Coxson, D. 2006. Composition and function of biological soil crust communities along topographic gradients in grasslands of central interior British Columbia (Chilcotin) and southwestern Yukon (Kluane). Canadian Journal of Botany 84: 717-736. https://doi.org/10.1139/b06-026

Pautler, B.G., Reichart, G.-J., Sanborn, P.T., Simpson, M.J., and Weijers, J.W.H. 2014. Comparison of soil derived tetraether membrane lipid distributions and plant-wax δD compositions for reconstruction of Canadian Arctic temperatures. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 404: 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.038

Sanborn, P. and A.J.T. Jull. 2010. Loess, bioturbation, fire, and pedogenesis in a boreal forest – grassland mosaic, Yukon Territory, Canada. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World 1 – 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. http://www.iuss.org/19th%20WCSS/Symposium/pdf/0120.pdf

The 2003 field work with Darwyn Coxson was a pilot study to assess the types and distribution of biological soil crusts in boreal grasslands in the Kluane Lake area. Eight sites were visited at which the team sampled the crust and the uppermost A horizon immediately underneath it. Note that site numbers Y03-03, -04, -05, -06, -07, -09, -10 and -12 were indicated as sites 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 12 in Table 1 of Marsh et al. (2006). Additional crust sampling was conducted at two additional sites (“Peninsula”, “Silver City”) in 2004; details of sampling methods and site locations are in Marsh et al. (2006).

Results from 2009 field work were presented in Sanborn and Jull (2010), along with soil charcoal radiocarbon dates from 2003-2008 sampling which were used to reconstruct fire history in the Kluane Lake area. The 2003 (a single site at Silver City), 2004, and 2008 field work consisted of a reconnaissance of grassland and forest sites across a range of aspects and slope positions in order to recover buried soil charcoal.

During the 1980s, Agriculture Canada pedologists Scott Smith (retired from Summerland Research Station, formerly based in Whitehorse) and Charles Tarnocai (retired from Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa) had a large field program which addressed the trends in soil development in the central Yukon. Across this region, particularly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, the land surfaces and surficial deposits vary greatly in age due to the differing extents of glaciations over the past ~2 million years.

This work built on a pioneering study from the previous decade:
Foscolos, A.E., N.W. Rutter, and O.L. Hughes. 1977. The use of pedological studies in interpreting the Quaternary history of central Yukon Territory. Bulletin 271. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa. 48 p. https://doi.org/10.4095/103066

Tarnocai and Smith presented their results in two publications:
C. A. S. Smith, C. Tarnocai, and O. L. Hughes. 1986. Pedological investigations of Pleistocene glacial drift surfaces in the central Yukon. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 40 (1): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.7202/032620ar
Tarnocai, C. and C. A. S. Smith. 1989. Micromorphology and development of some central Yukon paleosols, Canada. Geoderma 45 (2): 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(89)90047-5

Tarnocai and Smith shared the unpublished data and soil samples from this work with Dr. Paul Sanborn, and this resulted in a student project published as:
Daviel, E., P. Sanborn, C. Tarnocai, and C.A.A. Smith. 2011.Clay mineralogy and chemical properties of argillic horizons in central Yukon paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10067

The Lost Chicken Mine, a placer gold mine in eastern Alaska, approximately 120 km west of Dawson City, Yukon, is an important fossil locality for the late Pliocene (approximately 2.5 – 3.0 million years ago). A comprehensive account of the stratigraphy and paleontology of this site was given by:
Matthews, J.V., Jr., J.A. Westgate, L. Ovenden, L.D. Carter, and T. Fouch. 2003. Stratigraphy, fossils, and age of sediments at the upper pit of the Lost Chicken gold mine: new information on the late Pliocene environment of east central Alaska. Quaternary Research 60: 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00087-5

Dr. Paul Sanborn visited the site on July 20, 2004, as part of a group led by Duane Froese (Professor, University of Alberta). The group concentrated on a single exposure (~ 2 m thick) straddling the Lost Chicken tephra, a volcanic ash bed (2.9 ± 0.4 myr) which is a major stratigraphic marker at the site. Sanborn described, photographed, and sampled this exposure, and obtained a basic set of characterization data. Intact samples were collected but thin sections were never produced.

The eastern flank of the Mackenzie Mountains has a complex history of multiple glaciations by both the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, recorded in thick sequences of glacial sediments that were documented at 3 locations (Katherine Creek, Little Bear River, Inlin Brook) by:
Duk-Rodkin, A., R.W. Barendregt, C. Tarnocai, and F.M. Phillips. 1996. Late Tertiary to late Quaternary record in the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada: stratigraphy, paleosols, paleomagnetism, and chlorine-36. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33 (6): 875-895. https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-066

Of the 3 sites, the exposure on Inlin Brook, a tributary of the Keele River, was the least well-documented, so in summer 2004 Dr. Paul Sanborn joined a field party of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) based at Tulita, NWT, and was given helicopter support to visit Inlin Brook (August 5-8). A brief visit was also made to the Little Bear River site.

On August 9-10, Sanborn joined Alejandra Duk-Rodkin (GSC) and Rene Barendregt (U Lethbridge) in helicopter-assisted field work at sites in the Franklin Mountains and elsewhere east of the Mackenzie River.

As part of a multidisciplinary team led by Grant Zazula (then a Ph.D. student at Simon Fraser University; later a palaeontologist with the Government of Yukon) and Duane Froese (Professor, University of Alberta), Dr. Paul Sanborn examined a set of buried paleosols (fossil soils) preserved in frozen sediments exposed by placer mining in the spring of 2004.

The findings were published in:
Zazula, G.D., D.G. Froese, S.A. Elias, S. Kuzmina, C. La Farge, A.V. Reyes, P.T. Sanborn, C.E. Schweger, C.A.S. Smith, and R.W. Mathewes. 2006. Vegetation buried under Dawson tephra (25,300 14C yr BP) and locally diverse late Pleistocene paleoenvironments of Goldbottom Creek, Yukon, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 242: 253–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.005

Data set consists of lab data for sites Y04-01 to Y04-04. Original data set created in 2004; an update was provided in March 2023 but horizon designations were not updated to be consistent with the paper.