In July 2009, Dr. Paul Sanborn undertook the first soils field research at the Fort Selkirk volcanic field in central Yukon, with helicopter support and funding from the Yukon Geological Survey. This file consists of prints of aerial photographs that depict the area accessed for the study, upstream from the confluence of the Yukon River and the Pelly River.

Air photographs include:
Flight line A17210, Photo Nos. 54-60 (taken 1960)
Flight line A22354, Photo Nos. 43-45, 47-48 (taken 1971)
Flight line A27516, Photo Nos. 48-52 (taken 1989)

During the 1980s, Agriculture Canada pedologists Scott Smith (retired from Summerland Research Station, formerly based in Whitehorse) and Charles Tarnocai (retired from Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa) had a large field program which addressed the trends in soil development in the central Yukon. Across this region, particularly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, the land surfaces and surficial deposits vary greatly in age due to the differing extents of glaciations over the past ~2 million years.

Tarnocai and Smith shared the unpublished data and soil samples from this work with Dr. Paul Sanborn, and this resulted in a student project published as:
Daviel, E., P. Sanborn, C. Tarnocai, and C.A.A. Smith. 2011. Clay mineralogy and chemical properties of argillic horizons in central Yukon paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10067

This file consists of photocopies of 76 detailed soil description forms from the 1983 Yukon Paleosol Study by Tarnocai and Smith.

During the 1980s, Agriculture Canada pedologists Scott Smith (retired from Summerland Research Station, formerly based in Whitehorse) and Charles Tarnocai (retired from Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa) had a large field program which addressed the trends in soil development in the central Yukon. Across this region, particularly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, the land surfaces and surficial deposits vary greatly in age due to the differing extents of glaciations over the past ~2 million years.

Tarnocai and Smith shared the unpublished data and soil samples from this work with Dr. Paul Sanborn, and this resulted in a student project published as:
Daviel, E., P. Sanborn, C. Tarnocai, and C.A.A. Smith. 2011. Clay mineralogy and chemical properties of argillic horizons in central Yukon paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10067

This file consists of photocopies of lab data sheets for Tarnocai & Smith Yukon soil samples from the Land Resource Research Institute, Agriculture Canada.

These lab data sheets were transcribed into an Excel spreadsheet (see item 2023.2.2.6.3).

Original Land Resource Research Institute soil description detail forms prepared by Scott Smith for 3 locations, annotated on covers as follows:
SS91010 Lost Chicken Regosol Paleosol 26/6/91
SS91011 Lost Chicken Ash in Felty Peat 27/6/91
SS91013 Lost Chicken Mine “Up the Creek” ash site 28/6/91

Each of the three forms contains an attached annotated Polaroid photograph depicting each site.

File contains 2 rolls (51 slides) taken September 25-26, 1995 that depict paired views of plot vegetation and forest floor surface. Handwritten number notations on slide frames indicate plot numbers from the original research installation.

File consists of photographic slides from the Arocena & Sanborn 1999 regional soil mineralogy study.

File contains 8 slides from 2 rolls, taken August 1997:
Roll 1 - Buckhorn Ridge:

• Slide 31 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – stand view
• Slide 32 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – forest floor view
• Slide 33 – Pl (2x 2 m) – stand view
• Slide 34 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – forest floor view
  Roll 2 – Bobtail Road:
• Slide 20 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 21 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 22 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 23 – Sw (2 x 2 m) – stand view

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Slims River delta
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Print roll 5, #1-3 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #15-14)

Grizzly bear
Date: August 12, 2003
(beside Cultus Bay Rd.; location not recorded)
Print roll 5, #6-7

Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
• Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
  Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4)

Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
• Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
• Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
• Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
• Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
• Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
• (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
  Print roll 5, #11-15 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #10-6)

Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-10-01 - Crust
• Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
  Print roll 5, #19-22 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #3-1)

Silver City ghost town (location not recorded)
Date: August 12, 2003
Print roll 5, #23-24

Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
• Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
• Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
• Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
• Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
• Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
• Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
• Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
• Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
• Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
• Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
  Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
  Soil 1
• consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
• loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
  Soil 2
• 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
• Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
• Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
• less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
  Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 5
• complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
• individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
• overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
• similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
  Print roll 5, #26-30 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 4, #36-32)

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Y03-06
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-06-01 - Crust
• Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
  Slide roll 3 #36-35 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #1-2)

Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
Site Description:

• recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
• limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
• crust is calcareous at surface
  Sample Depths & Descriptions:
• Y03-07-01 - Crust
• Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
• Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
  Slide roll 3 #34-30 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #3-10)

Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
Slide roll 3 #29-26 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #11-17)

Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
Slide roll 3, #25-23 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #18-20)

Slims Soil
(Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
Slides roll 3, #22 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #21)

Lower end of Sheep Creek
Date: August 11, 2003
Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
Slides roll 3, #21-18 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #26-33)

Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
Slides roll 3, #17-16 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #34-35)

Slims River delta
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Slides roll 3, #15-14: salt efflorescences (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #1-3)

Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
• Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
  Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18)

Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
• Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
• Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
• Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
• Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
• Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
• (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
  Slide roll 3, #10-6 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #11-15)

Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-10-01 - Crust
• Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
  Slide roll 3, #3-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #19-22)

File consists of Kluane Lake photographs from 2003 in digital format.

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
Slides #14-13: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #17A-19A)

Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-03-01 - Crust
• Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
• Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
  Slides #12-10 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #20A-22A)

Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-04-01 - Crust
• Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
• Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
  Slides #9-7 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #25A-28A)

Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-05-01 - Crust
• Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
• Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
• Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
• Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
  Slides #6-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #34A-#E)

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
• Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
• Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
• Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
• Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
• Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
• Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
• Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
• Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
• Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
• Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
  Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
  Soil 1
• consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
• loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
  Soil 2
• 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
• Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
• Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
• less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
  Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 5
• complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
• individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
• overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
• similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
  Slide roll 4, #36-32 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #26-30)

Y03-12 (island off Slims River delta)
Date: August 13, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 9.1” N, 138° 29’ 27.9” W, 819 m asl (± 6.0 m)
Site Description: good grassland development on undulating aeolian veneer over bedrock, SW aspect; vegetation: A. frigida, C. purpurescens, P. glauca, Erigeron, Plantago, Oxytropis; good crust cover, mossy on more northerly aspects
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-12-01 - Crust
• Y03-12-02 - 0-10 cm - ACk
  Slide roll 4, #31-10 (miscellaneous site views of Y03-12 & Slims R delta island)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Slims River delta
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 00’ 16.5” N, 138° 30’ 45.6” W, 790 m asl (± 11.0 m)
Print roll 3, #5A-6A: delta surface with salt efflorescences (Deschampsia caespitosa, Puchinella nuttalli, Aster siberica, Triglauca palustre); Juncus & Ranunculus on more active surface near river.

7A-9A: moister Deschampsia site, polygonal cracking patterns (W side of highway)

10A-12A: closeups of efflorescences

Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
Print roll 3, #17A-19A: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2 #14-13)

Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-03-01 - Crust
• Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
• Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
  Print roll 3, #20A-22A (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2: #12-10)

Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-04-01 - Crust
• Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
• Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
  Print roll 3, #25A-28A (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: #9-7)

Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-05-01 - Crust
• Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
• Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
• Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
• Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
  Print roll 3, #34A-#E (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: Slides #6-1)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Y03-06
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-06-01 - Crust
• Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
  Print roll 4, #1-2 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #36-35)

Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
Site Description:

• recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
• limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
• crust is calcareous at surface
  Sample Depths & Descriptions:
• Y03-07-01 - Crust
• Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
• Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
  Print roll 4, #3-10 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #34-30)

Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
Print roll 4, #11-17 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #29-26)

Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
Print roll 4, #18-20 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #25-23)

Slims Soil
(Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
Print roll 4, #21 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #22)

S-facing opening above main trail
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 53.1” N, 138° 34’ 9.0” W, 822.9 m asl (± 15.0 m)
Site Description:

• Nostoc crust, also with Collema
• calcareous to surface
• site has later successional stage, with Arctostaphylos & Juniperus starting to move in
  Print roll 4, # 22-25

Lower end of Sheep Creek
Date: August 11, 2003
Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
Print roll 4, #26-33 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #21-18)

Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
Print roll 4, #34-35 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #17-16)

Downvalley view toward Slims R delta, near Sheep Creek (?)
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Print roll 4, #36-E

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Thorsen Bay
Print roll 11, #01-2A
Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #12-10

Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)
Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)

Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-19-01 – charcoal at 95 cm
Roadcut opposite ~ 30 m to NE on grassy S aspect (10° slope) with 15-20 cm of calcareous loess and sand over 2 cm White River ash; strongly effervescent throughout.
Print roll 11, #11A-12A (profile)
Corresponding slides: slide roll 7, #36-35 (profile)

Thorsen Bay landscape
Print roll 11, #13A-16A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #34-32

Y04-20B
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 16.5” N, 138º 26’ 18.7’ W, 797.5 m asl (± 5.9 m)
Site Description: wind-eroded Slims soil on glaciolacustrine with contorted bedding (exposed on blown-out roadcut); calcareous to surface; White R ash pockets at 10-20 cm; S aspect, 5° slope.
Print roll 11, #17A-21A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #31-26

Y04-22
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 39.24” N, 138º 25’ 7.8’ W, 790.6 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: toe of 30° slope, W aspect (grassy slope with poplar at toe); 1.0-1.2 of colluviated loess over gravelly glaciofluvial with buried soil at 70-80 cm
Print roll 11, #22A-24A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #25-24

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Kluane Lake (S. shore, near Kluane Lake Research Station)
Print roll 10, # 34-36

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Cultus Bay Rd.
(landscape views looking W from road; lake is likely at ~61°4’ 10.5”N, 138°22’ 31.5”)
Print roll 12, #0A-2A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #23-22

Keyhole Pond (landscape views)
Print roll 12, #3A-4A

Y04-23 (Saddle W of Keyhole Pond)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 4’ 46.5” N, 138º 22’ 32.2’ W, 828 m asl (± 8.0 m)
Site Description: 7º, NW-facing slope. Cumulic profile in colluviated loess with White River tephra at 10 cm, brownish paleosol at 23-27 cm, glaciofluvial sand at 50 cm.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-23-01 – charcoal at 23-27 cm, immediately above paleosol
Print roll 12, #5A-6A
(Location not recorded: Print roll 12, #7A-8A)

Y04-24 (W side of Rat Lake)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 54.6” N, 138º 25’ 41.6” W, 807.7 m asl (± 13.5 m)
Site Description: 23° slope, NE aspect; cumulic profile with White R ash at 20 cm; no obvious charcoal bands.
Print roll 12, #9A-10A (9A print is missing)

"Ian's Lake"(W of NW corner of Rat Lake)
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 1.4” N, 138º 25’ 47.7” W, 773.4 m asl (± 9.8 m) (coordinates are for ridge crest on NE side of lake)
Site Description: basal date 700 BP in terrestrial sediments; NE side has grassy 30°slope
Print roll 12, #11A

Y04-25 (S shore of “Ian’s Lake”, NW of Rat Lake)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 0.7” N, 138º 25’ 49.2” W, 781.8 m asl (± 8.8 m)
Site Description: 35 cm of colluviated loess over gravelly sandy glaciofluvial; no visible charcoal bands; buried soil at 25-35 cm; White R ash at 6-8 cm.
Print roll 12, #12A-13A

Y04-26 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 1’ 59.8” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 836.1 m asl (± 7.7 m)
Site Description: grassland at crest of 33° terrace scarp, S aspect.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-26-01 – 0-10 cm
Print roll 12, #14A-15A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #21-20

Y04-27
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 0.9” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 843.6 m asl (± 5.8 m) (~ 35 m N of Y04-26)
Site Description: spruce forest on terrace surface; level.

• 0-8 cm - Loess-rich forest floor; strongly calcareous.
• 8-13 cm - Bmk
• 13-15 cm - Discontinuous pockets of White R ash
• 15-35 cm - Bmk (Slims soil) – no charcoal visible
• 35-75 cm - Gray calcareous loess.
• 75 cm+ - Gravelly sandy glaciofluvial deposit.
  Print roll 12, #16A-17A
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #19-18

Y04-28 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 34.4” N, 138º 21’ 57.0” W, 820.2 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: grassland on esker crest W of Jenny L; 30° slope, SW aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-28-01: 0-10 cm
Print roll 12, #18A-19A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #17-16

Y04-30 (between eskers, W of Jenny Lake)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 31.6” N, 138º 21’ 52.3’ W, 817.6 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: Level (base of saddle). Colluviated loess to 90 cm+, with White River tephra at 15-17 cm, brownish paleosol at 17-35 cm, underlain by turbated Bmku with multiple charcoal-rich bands.
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y04-30-01 – charcoal at 13 cm (above WR tephra)
• Y04-30-02 – charcoal at 22 cm (below WR tephra)
• Y04-30-03 – charcoal at 75 cm
  Print roll 12, #20A-22A
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #15-13

Jenny Lake (landscape views)
Print roll 12, #23A-24A

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Y04-31 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 9.2” N, 138º 21’ 30.3’ W, 837.2 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: crest of N-S esker ridge
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-31-01: 0-10 cm
Print roll 13, #1-3
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #12-11

Y04-32
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 7.4” N, 138º 21’ 27.7’ W, 823.7 m asl (± 13.7 m)
Site Description: toeslope on NE side of same ridge as for Y04-31; 20° slope, NE aspect; Cryosol with permafrost at 34 cm; 30 cm of forest floor organic horizons; abundant charred wood fragments at top of mineral soil & in lowest part of organic horizon.
Print roll 13, #4-5
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #10-9

Y04-34
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 47.7” N, 138º 21’ 2.5’ W, 838 m asl
Site Description: Toe of 30º, W-facing grassland slope. Colluviated loess with White River tephra at 8-9 cm, brownish paleosol (9-35 cm), overlying sandy glaciofluvial at 35-70 cm+.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-34-01: charcoal at 34 cm
Print roll 13, #6-7
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #8-7

Y04-35 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 49.9” N, 138º 21’ 1.1” W, 854.4 m asl (± 6.3 m)
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-35-01: 0 – 10 cm
Print roll 13, #8-10 (Location not recorded: Print roll 13, #11-12)
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #6-5

Y04-36
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 8’ 11.5” N, 138º 25’ 50.8” W, 825.6 m asl (± 14.5 m)
Site Description:

• 10-0 cm - LF
• 0-15 cm - Bmk1 (7.5YR 4/6 m)
• 15-28 cm - Bmk2 (2.5Y 4/3 m)
• 28-48 cm - Ck
• 48-55 cm+ - IICk (sandy gravelly glaciofluvial)
• No charcoal visible in mineral horizons
  Print roll 13, #13-14
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #4-3

Y04-37
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: (roadcut adjacent to Y04-36)
Site Description: multiple colour bands in Slims soil; some charcoal blobs (not sampled) which are right size to have been roots.
Print roll 13, #15-19
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, # 2-1

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Thorsen Bay
Print roll 11, #01-2A; slide roll 6, #12-10

Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
Slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-19-01 – charcoal at 95 cm
Roadcut opposite ~ 30 m to NE on grassy S aspect (10° slope) with 15-20 cm of calcareous loess and sand over 2 cm White River ash; strongly effervescent throughout.
Slide roll 7, #36-35 (profile)
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #11A-12A (profile)

Thorsen Bay landscape
Slide roll 7, #34-32
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #13A-16A

Y04-20B
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 16.5” N, 138º 26’ 18.7’ W, 797.5 m asl (± 5.9 m)
Site Description: wind-eroded Slims soil on glaciolacustrine with contorted bedding (exposed on blown-out roadcut); calcareous to surface; White R ash pockets at 10-20 cm; S aspect, 5° slope.
Slide roll 7, #31-26
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #17A-21A

Y04-22
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 39.24” N, 138º 25’ 7.8’ W, 790.6 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: toe of 30° slope, W aspect (grassy slope with poplar at toe); 1.0-1.2 of colluviated loess over gravelly glaciofluvial with buried soil at 70-80 cm
Slide roll 7, #25-24
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #22A-24A

Cultus Bay Rd.
(landscape views looking W from road; lake is likely at ~61°4’ 10.5”N, 138°22’ 31.5”)
Slide roll 7, #23-22
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #0A-2A

Y04-26 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 1’ 59.8” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 836.1 m asl (± 7.7 m)
Site Description: grassland at crest of 33° terrace scarp, S aspect.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-26-01 – 0-10 cm
Slide roll 7, #21-20
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #14A-15A

Y04-27
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 0.9” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 843.6 m asl (± 5.8 m) (~ 35 m N of Y04-26)
Site Description: spruce forest on terrace surface; level.

• 0-8 cm - Loess-rich forest floor; strongly calcareous.
• 8-13 cm - Bmk
• 13-15 cm - Discontinuous pockets of White R ash
• 15-35 cm - Bmk (Slims soil) – no charcoal visible
• 35-75 cm - Gray calcareous loess.
• 75 cm+ - Gravelly sandy glaciofluvial deposit.
  Slide roll 7, #19-18
  Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #16A-17A

Y04-28 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 34.4” N, 138º 21’ 57.0” W, 820.2 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: grassland on esker crest W of Jenny L; 30° slope, SW aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-28-01: 0-10 cm
Slide roll 7, #17-16
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #18A-19A

Y04-30 (between eskers, W of Jenny Lake)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 31.6” N, 138º 21’ 52.3’ W, 817.6 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: Level (base of saddle). Colluviated loess to 90 cm+, with White River tephra at 15-17 cm, brownish paleosol at 17-35 cm, underlain by turbated Bmku with multiple charcoal-rich bands.
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y04-30-01 – charcoal at 13 cm (above WR tephra)
• Y04-30-02 – charcoal at 22 cm (below WR tephra)
• Y04-30-03 – charcoal at 75 cm
  Slide roll 7, #15-13
  Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #20A-22A

Y04-31 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 9.2” N, 138º 21’ 30.3’ W, 837.2 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: crest of N-S esker ridge
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-31-01: 0-10 cm
Slide roll 7, #12-11
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #1-3

Y04-32
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 7.4” N, 138º 21’ 27.7’ W, 823.7 m asl (± 13.7 m)
Site Description: toeslope on NE side of same ridge as for Y04-31; 20° slope, NE aspect; Cryosol with permafrost at 34 cm; 30 cm of forest floor organic horizons; abundant charred wood fragments at top of mineral soil & in lowest part of organic horizon.
Slide roll 7, #10-9
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #4-5

Y04-34
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 47.7” N, 138º 21’ 2.5’ W, 838 m asl
Site Description: Toe of 30º, W-facing grassland slope. Colluviated loess with White River tephra at 8-9 cm, brownish paleosol (9-35 cm), overlying sandy glaciofluvial at 35-70 cm+.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-34-01: charcoal at 34 cm
Slide roll 7, #8-7
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #6-7

Y04-35 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 49.9” N, 138º 21’ 1.1” W, 854.4 m asl (± 6.3 m)
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-35-01: 0 – 10 cm
Slide roll 7, #6-5
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #8-10
(Location not recorded: Print roll 13, #11-12)

Y04-36
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 8’ 11.5” N, 138º 25’ 50.8” W, 825.6 m asl (± 14.5 m)
Site Description:

• 10-0 cm - LF
• 0-15 cm - Bmk1 (7.5YR 4/6 m)
• 15-28 cm - Bmk2 (2.5Y 4/3 m)
• 28-48 cm - Ck
• 48-55 cm+ - IICk (sandy gravelly glaciofluvial)
• No charcoal visible in mineral horizons
  Slide roll 7, #4-3
  Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #13-14

Y04-37
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: (roadcut adjacent to Y04-36)
Site Description: multiple colour bands in Slims soil; some charcoal blobs (not sampled) which are right size to have been roots.
Slide roll 7, # 2-1
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #15-19

Tarnocai and Smith recorded their site locations on NTS topographical maps, and provided a set of scans of these maps.

Scanned topographical maps with Tarnocai & Smith site locations:
ARCTIC RED RIVER.TIF
AUSTRALIA MOUNTAIN.TIF
CARMACKS.TIF
CLEAR CREEK.TIF
COLDSPRING MOUNTAIN.TIF
DAWSON-1.TIF
DAWSON-2.TIF
DAWSON-3.TIF
ETHEL LAKE.TIF
FLAT CREEK.TIF
GARNER CREEK.TIF
GRAND FORKS.TIF
GRAND VALLEY CREEK.TIF
GRAVEL CREEK.TIF
GRAVEL LAKE.TIF
HART RIVER.TIF
LARSEN CREEK.TIF
LEE CREEK.TIF
MAYO.TIF
McQUESTEN-1.TIF
McQUESTEN-2.TIF
McQUESTEN-3.TIF
MEDRICK CREEK.TIF
MINTO LAKE.TIF
MOOSE CREEK.TIF
OGILVIE RIVER.TIF
PIRATE CREEK.TIF
RABBIT CREEK-1.TIF
RABBIT CREEK-2.TIF
REID LAKES.TIF
ROSEBUD CREEK.TIF
SEATTLE CREEK.TIF
SPRAGUE CREEK.TIF
STEWART CROSSING.TIF
STEWART RIVER.TIF
SUMMIT LAKE.TIF
SWEDE CREEK.TIF
WILLOW LAKE.TIF

These images were obtained on the helicopter flights to and from the Klutlan Glacier study site. The outbound sequence (#5590-5706) starts from the base camp at the White River crossing on the Alaska Highway and heads south, to a point just upvalley of the debris-covered terminus (approx. 10-15 km from Alaska border), and turning back north to the landing spot on the Generc River floodplain close to the study site (see Fig. 1 in paper). On the return leg at the end of the day, the flight initially went upvalley to pick up another party (#5884-5926), before turning north and returning to base camp (#5929-5993).

In July 2009, Dr. Paul Sanborn undertook the first soils field research at the Fort Selkirk volcanic field in central Yukon, with helicopter support and funding from the Yukon Geological Survey. This file includes digital photographs of the 2009 field work at the Ft. Selkirk site. Some of the digital photographs have been annotated as PDFs.

• Ft Selkirk 110114069.xls [particle size analysis data, CANTEST]
• S1090final.xlsx [chemical analysis data, Ministry of Forests & Range, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory]
• S1112final.xlsx [chemical analysis data, Ministry of Forests & Range, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory]
• Ft Selkirk 2009 soils data (updated Sept 15, 2010 and April 10, 2023).xls [consolidated lab data for all 2009 samples]