File consists of proceedings and abstracts for conferences and workshops attended by Paul Sanborn.

Includes the following items:

Alloway, B.V., D.G. Froese, and J.A. Westgate (eds.) 2005. Proceedings of the International Field Conference and Workshop on Tephrochronology & Volcanism: Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada, July 31st – August 8th, 2005.

BC Forestry Continuing Studies Network. 1994. Workshop proceedings: Grasses and legumes in forestry - A forum for discussing the economic and ecological costs and benefits of using grass and legume species in all phases of northern forest management. Prince George, BC: April 6-7, 1994.

Canadian Quaternary Association. 2001. Canadian Quaternary Association Meetings, 2001: Program and Abstracts. Occasional Paper in Earth Sciences No. 1. Heritage Branch, Government of the Yukon. http://emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca/Tourism/canadian-quaternary-association-meetings-program-and-abstracts-2001.pdf

Enhanced Forest Management Pilot Project. 2000. Proceedings of the March 30-31 Information Session. Robson Valley Forest District. [9 extended abstracts & full articles]

Society for Ecological Restoration. 1995. Taking a broader view: 1995 international conference. September 14-16, 1995. University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA. [program & abstracts]

File consists of reports and documents relating to resource inventory.

Includes the following items:

E.L.U.C. Secretariat. 1976. Terrain classification system (May 1976; 2nd printing). [Original version, as adapted from work by R. Fulton, Geological Survey of Canada. Version 2 was updated in 1988 & reprinted 1997]

Jones, C. (compiler). 1997. Predictive ecosystem mapping (PEM) workshop, Prince Rupert Forest Region, April 25, 1997, Minutes.
Jones, K. et al. 1999. Towards the establishment of predictive ecosystem mapping standards: a white paper. 1st approximation. March, 1999. Prepared for: Terrestrial Ecosystem Mapping Alternatives Task Force, Resources Inventory Committee.

Kistritz, R.U. and G.L. Porter. 1993. Proposed wetland classification system for British Columbia: a discussion paper. Prepared for: B.C. Ministry of Forests, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, B.C. Conservation Data Centre.

Louie, R.H. 1992. Soil surveys in British Columbia, 1928-1992: a listing of soil survey reports and maps for the Province of British Columbia. Soil Conservation Service, Integrated Management Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Victoria.

Maxwell, R. and T. Lea. 1993. Bioterrain mapping guidelines: a supplement to the ecological mapping methodology (September 1993) (Working Document; First Draft). Habitat Inventory Section, Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment, Victoria.

Maxwell, R. and T. Lea. 1993. Soils data collection for ecological mapping – the next twenty years. [Presented at: B.C. Soil Science Workshop 1993?]

Meidinger, D. 2000. Protocol for quality assurance and accuracy assessment of ecosystem maps. July, 2000. Prepared for: TEM Alternatives Task Force. Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, Victoria. [Draft version; later revision (2003) issued as Technical Report 011, Forest Science Program, Ministry of Forests. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/Tr/Tr011.pdf ]

File consists of miscellaneous reports relating to forests and silviculture.

During the 1980s, Agriculture Canada pedologists Scott Smith (retired from Summerland Research Station, formerly based in Whitehorse) and Charles Tarnocai (retired from Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa) had a large field program which addressed the trends in soil development in the central Yukon. Across this region, particularly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, the land surfaces and surficial deposits vary greatly in age due to the differing extents of glaciations over the past ~2 million years.

Tarnocai and Smith shared the unpublished data and soil samples from this work with Dr. Paul Sanborn, and this resulted in a student project published as:
Daviel, E., P. Sanborn, C. Tarnocai, and C.A.A. Smith. 2011. Clay mineralogy and chemical properties of argillic horizons in central Yukon paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10067

This file consists of photocopies of 76 detailed soil description forms from the 1983 Yukon Paleosol Study by Tarnocai and Smith.

In July 2009, Dr. Paul Sanborn undertook the first soils field research at the Fort Selkirk volcanic field in central Yukon, with helicopter support and funding from the Yukon Geological Survey. This file consists of prints of aerial photographs that depict the area accessed for the study, upstream from the confluence of the Yukon River and the Pelly River.

Air photographs include:
Flight line A17210, Photo Nos. 54-60 (taken 1960)
Flight line A22354, Photo Nos. 43-45, 47-48 (taken 1971)
Flight line A27516, Photo Nos. 48-52 (taken 1989)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Thorsen Bay
Print roll 11, #01-2A
Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #12-10

Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)
Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)

Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-19-01 – charcoal at 95 cm
Roadcut opposite ~ 30 m to NE on grassy S aspect (10° slope) with 15-20 cm of calcareous loess and sand over 2 cm White River ash; strongly effervescent throughout.
Print roll 11, #11A-12A (profile)
Corresponding slides: slide roll 7, #36-35 (profile)

Thorsen Bay landscape
Print roll 11, #13A-16A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #34-32

Y04-20B
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 16.5” N, 138º 26’ 18.7’ W, 797.5 m asl (± 5.9 m)
Site Description: wind-eroded Slims soil on glaciolacustrine with contorted bedding (exposed on blown-out roadcut); calcareous to surface; White R ash pockets at 10-20 cm; S aspect, 5° slope.
Print roll 11, #17A-21A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #31-26

Y04-22
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 39.24” N, 138º 25’ 7.8’ W, 790.6 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: toe of 30° slope, W aspect (grassy slope with poplar at toe); 1.0-1.2 of colluviated loess over gravelly glaciofluvial with buried soil at 70-80 cm
Print roll 11, #22A-24A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #25-24

File contains 2 rolls (51 slides) taken September 25-26, 1995 that depict paired views of plot vegetation and forest floor surface. Handwritten number notations on slide frames indicate plot numbers from the original research installation.

Original Land Resource Research Institute soil description detail forms prepared by Scott Smith for 3 locations, annotated on covers as follows:
SS91010 Lost Chicken Regosol Paleosol 26/6/91
SS91011 Lost Chicken Ash in Felty Peat 27/6/91
SS91013 Lost Chicken Mine “Up the Creek” ash site 28/6/91

Each of the three forms contains an attached annotated Polaroid photograph depicting each site.

During the 1980s, Agriculture Canada pedologists Scott Smith (retired from Summerland Research Station, formerly based in Whitehorse) and Charles Tarnocai (retired from Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa) had a large field program which addressed the trends in soil development in the central Yukon. Across this region, particularly between Whitehorse and Dawson City, the land surfaces and surficial deposits vary greatly in age due to the differing extents of glaciations over the past ~2 million years.

Tarnocai and Smith shared the unpublished data and soil samples from this work with Dr. Paul Sanborn, and this resulted in a student project published as:
Daviel, E., P. Sanborn, C. Tarnocai, and C.A.A. Smith. 2011. Clay mineralogy and chemical properties of argillic horizons in central Yukon paleosols. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91: 83-93. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10067

This file consists of photocopies of lab data sheets for Tarnocai & Smith Yukon soil samples from the Land Resource Research Institute, Agriculture Canada.

These lab data sheets were transcribed into an Excel spreadsheet (see item 2023.2.2.6.3).

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Slims River delta
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Print roll 5, #1-3 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #15-14)

Grizzly bear
Date: August 12, 2003
(beside Cultus Bay Rd.; location not recorded)
Print roll 5, #6-7

Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
• Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
  Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4)

Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
• Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
• Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
• Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
• Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
• Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
• (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
  Print roll 5, #11-15 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #10-6)

Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-10-01 - Crust
• Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
  Print roll 5, #19-22 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #3-1)

Silver City ghost town (location not recorded)
Date: August 12, 2003
Print roll 5, #23-24

Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
• Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
• Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
• Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
• Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
• Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
• Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
• Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
• Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
• Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
• Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
  Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
  Soil 1
• consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
• loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
  Soil 2
• 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
• Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
• Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
• less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
  Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 5
• complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
• individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
• overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
• similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
  Print roll 5, #26-30 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 4, #36-32)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Kluane Lake (S. shore, near Kluane Lake Research Station)
Print roll 10, # 34-36

File contains 8 slides from 2 rolls, taken August 1997:
Roll 1 - Buckhorn Ridge:

• Slide 31 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – stand view
• Slide 32 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – forest floor view
• Slide 33 – Pl (2x 2 m) – stand view
• Slide 34 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – forest floor view
  Roll 2 – Bobtail Road:
• Slide 20 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 21 – Pl (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 22 – Fd (2 x 2 m) – east plot, stand view
• Slide 23 – Sw (2 x 2 m) – stand view

File consists of guidebooks for trips – both in Canada and international – that Paul Sanborn attended. Also includes guidebooks that were given to him by colleagues. Most of these guidebooks relate to soil science, but some deal with Quaternary and bedrock geology.

Includes the following items:

4th International Workshop on Disturbance Dynamics in the Boreal Forest. 2002. A Naturally Disturbing Tour of the Central Interior of British Columbia. August 12, 2002.

18th Biennial Meeting of the American Quaternary Association. 2004. Guidebook for Field Trips. Compiled by Rolfe D. Mandel. June 25, 28-30, 2004.

19th World Congress of Soil Science. 2010. Excursion 2: Brisbane Bayside, 1 August 2010.

19th World Congress of Soil Science. 2010. New Zealand “Volcanoes to Ocean”, Pre-Conference North Island Guidebook, 26th – 30th July 2010.

ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. 2011. SSSA Soils-Geomorphology Field Tour: Blackland Prairies, Edwards Plateau, and Texas Central Basin. October 20-21, 2011.

Canadian Geophysical Union. 2002. Rocky Mountain highlights and dirt: C.G.U. Field Trip. May 18, 2002. Prepared by: C. Henderson.

Canadian Geophysical Union. 2006. The Burgess Shale and Rocky Mountain Highlights: C.G.U. Field Trip. May 14, 2006. Compiled by C.J. Collom.

Canadian Society of Soil Science. 2014. Soils and Landscapes of the Front Ranges, Foothills, and Great Plains: Field Guide. Compiled by Dan and Lea Pennock. May 2014.

Friends of the Pleistocene – Rocky Mountain Cell. 1995. Late Pleistocene – Holocene Evolution of the Northeastern Yellowstone Landscape: Field conference guidebook. August 25-27, 1995. Compiled by Grant A. Meyer.

Froese, D., P. Matheus, and J. Rasic. 2003. Beringian environments and heritage of the Upper Yukon River: A field workshop from Dawson City, Yukon through Yukon Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska. May 30-June 3, 2003. [associated with International Mammoth Conference, Dawson]

Froese, D., R. Woywitka, L. Andriashek, D. Smith, and N. Atkinson. 2013. Field trip guide to the Quaternary geology and geoarchaeology of the Oil Sands region, NE Alberta: August 22-25, 2013. Canadian Quaternary Association.

Geological Association of Canada / Mineralogical Association of Canada. 2016. Veins to Valleys: the Klondike District. Field trip leaders: Jim Mortensen, Jeffrey Bond, Peter Tallman, Grant Zazula. May 28-31, 2016.

Luttmerding, H.A. 1992. Vertisolic soils field tour, British Columbia portion. August 19-23, 1992. BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks.

Morison, S.R., C.A.S. Smith. 1987. XIIth INQUA Congress Field Excursions A20a and A20b: Research in Yukon. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.

Northwest Forest Soils Council Field Trip. 2001. Boreal Forest Soils in a Changing Climate. July 9-11, 2001. Fairbanks, Alaska.
Tarnocai, C., C.A.S. Smith, and C.A. Fox. 1993. International Tour of Permafrost Affected Soils: the Yukon and Northwest Territories of Canada. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/publications/surveys/yt/ytps/ytps_report.pdf

Sanborn, P. 1995. Watershed Restoration in the Olympic National Forest, Hood Canal Ranger District, Washington. September 17-18, 1995. International Conference of Society for Ecological Restoration.

File consists of reports and documents relating to British Columbia grasslands.

Includes the following items:

B.A. Blackwell & Associates Ltd. 2007. Cariboo-Chilcotin ecosystem restoration plan: grassland benchmark.

Cariboo-Chilcotin Grasslands Strategy Working Group. 2001. Cariboo-Chilcotin grasslands strategy: forest encroachment onto grasslands and establishment of a grassland benchmark area. Prepared for Cariboo-Mid Coast Interagency Management Committee.

Grasslands Conservation Council of British Columbia. 2003. Changes in the grassland-forest interface: A BC grasslands conservation risk assessment communication tool.

Ross, T.J. 2008. Becher Prairie range unit ecosystem restoration strategic plan. Prepared for British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range Central Cariboo Forest District.

In July 2009, Dr. Paul Sanborn undertook the first soils field research at the Fort Selkirk volcanic field in central Yukon, with helicopter support and funding from the Yukon Geological Survey. This file includes digital photographs of the 2009 field work at the Ft. Selkirk site. Some of the digital photographs have been annotated as PDFs.

• Ft Selkirk 110114069.xls [particle size analysis data, CANTEST]
• S1090final.xlsx [chemical analysis data, Ministry of Forests & Range, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory]
• S1112final.xlsx [chemical analysis data, Ministry of Forests & Range, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory]
• Ft Selkirk 2009 soils data (updated Sept 15, 2010 and April 10, 2023).xls [consolidated lab data for all 2009 samples]

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Y03-06
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-06-01 - Crust
• Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
  Slide roll 3 #36-35 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #1-2)

Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
Site Description:

• recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
• limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
• crust is calcareous at surface
  Sample Depths & Descriptions:
• Y03-07-01 - Crust
• Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
• Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
  Slide roll 3 #34-30 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #3-10)

Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
Slide roll 3 #29-26 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #11-17)

Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
Slide roll 3, #25-23 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #18-20)

Slims Soil
(Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
Slides roll 3, #22 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #21)

Lower end of Sheep Creek
Date: August 11, 2003
Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
Slides roll 3, #21-18 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #26-33)

Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
Slides roll 3, #17-16 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #34-35)

Slims River delta
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Slides roll 3, #15-14: salt efflorescences (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #1-3)

Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
• Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
  Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18)

Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
• Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
• Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
• Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
• Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
• Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
• Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
• (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
  Slide roll 3, #10-6 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #11-15)

Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-10-01 - Crust
• Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
• (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
  Slide roll 3, #3-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #19-22)

File consists of Kluane Lake photographs from 2003 in digital format.

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Cultus Bay Rd.
(landscape views looking W from road; lake is likely at ~61°4’ 10.5”N, 138°22’ 31.5”)
Print roll 12, #0A-2A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #23-22

Keyhole Pond (landscape views)
Print roll 12, #3A-4A

Y04-23 (Saddle W of Keyhole Pond)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 4’ 46.5” N, 138º 22’ 32.2’ W, 828 m asl (± 8.0 m)
Site Description: 7º, NW-facing slope. Cumulic profile in colluviated loess with White River tephra at 10 cm, brownish paleosol at 23-27 cm, glaciofluvial sand at 50 cm.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-23-01 – charcoal at 23-27 cm, immediately above paleosol
Print roll 12, #5A-6A
(Location not recorded: Print roll 12, #7A-8A)

Y04-24 (W side of Rat Lake)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 54.6” N, 138º 25’ 41.6” W, 807.7 m asl (± 13.5 m)
Site Description: 23° slope, NE aspect; cumulic profile with White R ash at 20 cm; no obvious charcoal bands.
Print roll 12, #9A-10A (9A print is missing)

"Ian's Lake"(W of NW corner of Rat Lake)
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 1.4” N, 138º 25’ 47.7” W, 773.4 m asl (± 9.8 m) (coordinates are for ridge crest on NE side of lake)
Site Description: basal date 700 BP in terrestrial sediments; NE side has grassy 30°slope
Print roll 12, #11A

Y04-25 (S shore of “Ian’s Lake”, NW of Rat Lake)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 0.7” N, 138º 25’ 49.2” W, 781.8 m asl (± 8.8 m)
Site Description: 35 cm of colluviated loess over gravelly sandy glaciofluvial; no visible charcoal bands; buried soil at 25-35 cm; White R ash at 6-8 cm.
Print roll 12, #12A-13A

Y04-26 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 1’ 59.8” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 836.1 m asl (± 7.7 m)
Site Description: grassland at crest of 33° terrace scarp, S aspect.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-26-01 – 0-10 cm
Print roll 12, #14A-15A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #21-20

Y04-27
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 0.9” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 843.6 m asl (± 5.8 m) (~ 35 m N of Y04-26)
Site Description: spruce forest on terrace surface; level.

• 0-8 cm - Loess-rich forest floor; strongly calcareous.
• 8-13 cm - Bmk
• 13-15 cm - Discontinuous pockets of White R ash
• 15-35 cm - Bmk (Slims soil) – no charcoal visible
• 35-75 cm - Gray calcareous loess.
• 75 cm+ - Gravelly sandy glaciofluvial deposit.
  Print roll 12, #16A-17A
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #19-18

Y04-28 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 34.4” N, 138º 21’ 57.0” W, 820.2 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: grassland on esker crest W of Jenny L; 30° slope, SW aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-28-01: 0-10 cm
Print roll 12, #18A-19A
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #17-16

Y04-30 (between eskers, W of Jenny Lake)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 31.6” N, 138º 21’ 52.3’ W, 817.6 m asl (± 6.1 m)
Site Description: Level (base of saddle). Colluviated loess to 90 cm+, with White River tephra at 15-17 cm, brownish paleosol at 17-35 cm, underlain by turbated Bmku with multiple charcoal-rich bands.
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y04-30-01 – charcoal at 13 cm (above WR tephra)
• Y04-30-02 – charcoal at 22 cm (below WR tephra)
• Y04-30-03 – charcoal at 75 cm
  Print roll 12, #20A-22A
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #15-13

Jenny Lake (landscape views)
Print roll 12, #23A-24A

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Y04-31 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 9.2” N, 138º 21’ 30.3’ W, 837.2 m asl (± 6.4 m)
Site Description: crest of N-S esker ridge
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-31-01: 0-10 cm
Print roll 13, #1-3
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #12-11

Y04-32
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 7.4” N, 138º 21’ 27.7’ W, 823.7 m asl (± 13.7 m)
Site Description: toeslope on NE side of same ridge as for Y04-31; 20° slope, NE aspect; Cryosol with permafrost at 34 cm; 30 cm of forest floor organic horizons; abundant charred wood fragments at top of mineral soil & in lowest part of organic horizon.
Print roll 13, #4-5
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #10-9

Y04-34
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 47.7” N, 138º 21’ 2.5’ W, 838 m asl
Site Description: Toe of 30º, W-facing grassland slope. Colluviated loess with White River tephra at 8-9 cm, brownish paleosol (9-35 cm), overlying sandy glaciofluvial at 35-70 cm+.
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-34-01: charcoal at 34 cm
Print roll 13, #6-7
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #8-7

Y04-35 (EW)
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 49.9” N, 138º 21’ 1.1” W, 854.4 m asl (± 6.3 m)
Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-35-01: 0 – 10 cm
Print roll 13, #8-10 (Location not recorded: Print roll 13, #11-12)
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #6-5

Y04-36
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 8’ 11.5” N, 138º 25’ 50.8” W, 825.6 m asl (± 14.5 m)
Site Description:

• 10-0 cm - LF
• 0-15 cm - Bmk1 (7.5YR 4/6 m)
• 15-28 cm - Bmk2 (2.5Y 4/3 m)
• 28-48 cm - Ck
• 48-55 cm+ - IICk (sandy gravelly glaciofluvial)
• No charcoal visible in mineral horizons
  Print roll 13, #13-14
  Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #4-3

Y04-37
Date: July 23, 2004
Location Coordinates: (roadcut adjacent to Y04-36)
Site Description: multiple colour bands in Slims soil; some charcoal blobs (not sampled) which are right size to have been roots.
Print roll 13, #15-19
Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, # 2-1

Research on the ecological functions of coarse woody debris (CWD) in forests, and techniques for inventorying CWD, were major topics for forest ecologists and soil scientists during Paul Sanborn's years with BC Forest Service research program (1991-2002).

File of documents consists mostly of unpublished internal and consultant reports, workshop summaries & handouts, and government publications (BC, Canada, USA). Methods-related documents may have been drafts which were superseded later by published manuals. In some cases, the document has a memo or email attached which provides some additional context.

Includes the following items:

BIOFOR Resource Consultants. (n.d.) Methodology for developing coarse woody debris photo guides. [consultant report to Ministry of Forests, Research Branch]

Brown, J.K., T.E. See. 1981. Downed dead woody fuel and biomass in the northern Rocky Mountains. General Technical Report INT-117. USDA Forest Service.

Clark, D.F., P.J. Burton, J.A. Antos. 1995. A comparative study employing different methods for inventory of coarse woody debris. Symbios Research and Restoration, Smithers, BC. September 30, 1995.

Ellis, R. 1996. Summary of the coarse woody debris workshop, Cowichan Lake Research Station, April 11-12, 1996. [Incl. handouts by A. Mackinnon, S.W. Taylor & J.V. Parminter]

Ember Research Services Ltd. 1997. CWD/Fuel calculator user’s guide. October 1997.

Hermanek, H. 2001. The distribution and description of CWD in the SBSmk1 and IDFdm2 zones of British Columbia. Work term report, Biology Co-op Program, University of Victoria.

Lajzerowicz, C. 2000. Coarse woody debris: what are we leaving in British Columbia. Examining TRENDS. ET2000-02. Northern Interior Vegetation Management Association.

Lajzerowicz, C. 2000. Coarse woody debris: what are the changes following harvesting in Alberta. Examining TRENDS. ET2000-03. Northern Interior Vegetation Management Association.

Lloyd, R. 2001. A comparison of coarse woody debris in harvested and unharvested sites in the SBSmc2: First-year report, March 2001. Prepared for: Houston Forest Products.

Mackinnon, A. 1996. What kind of CWD measurements are MOF research ecologists using? [handout at CWD Workshop, April 11-12, 1996]

Mackinnon, A., J. Parminter. 1996. Natural landscape patterns and processes. Notes from a meeting at Cowichan Lake Research Station, April 10, 1996.

Marshall, P.L. 1999. Using line intersect sampling to determine the volume of odd-shaped pieces of coarse woody debris: an explanation of the Vegetation Resources Inventory formula. Contract report to: Ministry of Forest, Vancouver Region. February 1999.

Marshall, P.L., G. Davis, V.M. LeMay. 2000. Using line intersect sampling for coarse woody debris. Forest Research Technical Report, TR-003. Vancouver Forest Region.

Ministry of Forests, Resources Inventory Branch 1999. Pilot study for dead tree information on growth and yield permanent sample plots.

Parminter, J. 1994. Correction factors and the measurement of coarse woody debris. Research Branch, Ministry of Forests. March 11, 1994.

Parminter, J. 2001. Natural disturbance research and project summaries. Cowichan Lake Research Station meeting, April 10, 1996.

Parminter, J. 2001. Procedures for measuring CWD volume in spot accumulations, landing piles and strip accumulations.

Parminter, J. 2001. CWD extensive pilot program – sampling of CWD in cutblocks.

Robson Valley Enhanced Forest Management Pilot Project. 2001. Field data collection protocol manual: coarse woody debris survey 2001. [attached covering email from B. Rogers]

Rogers, B. 2001. Robson Valley Enhanced Forest Management Pilot Project, Coarse Woody Debris Assessment Phase I: Working Plan 2001. Prepared for: Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. March 3, 2001.

Snag Protocol Team. 2000. Northern region snag management protocol: January 2000. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region.

Taylor, S.W., J.V. Parminter. 1996. Effects of broadcast burning on coarse woody debris in British Columbia. [handout at CWD Workshop, April 11-12, 1996]

Graham, R.T. et al. 1994. Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. Research Paper INT-RP-477. Intermountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Available online at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/24829 (accessed March 2023)

Harmon, M.E., J. Sexton. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody debris in forest ecosystems. Publ. No. 20. U.S. LTER Network Office. Available online at: https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/webdocs/reports/detritus/publications/Guidelines%20for%20Measurements%20of%20Woody%20Detritus%20in%20Forest%20Ecosystems.pdf (accessed March 2023)

Rogers, B. 2002. Robson Valley Enhanced Forest Management Pilot Project, Coarse Woody Debris Assessment Phase III: Final Report. Prepared for: Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Available online at: https://www.env.gov.bc.ca/omineca/documents/cwd_2002_reportf.pdf (accessed March 2023)

Stevenson, Susan K. (March 1999). Biodiversity assessments at silvicultural systems sites, summer 1998. Prepared for: Prince George Forest Region, BC Ministry of Forests, Prince George BC. 16 p. + 16 p. graphs

Taylor, S.W. 1997. A field estimation procedure for downed coarse woody debris. Technology Transfer Notes. No. 2, August, 1997. Available online at: https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/409169/publication.html (accessed March 2023)

File of documents consist of a mixture of internal government reports, including reports prepared by consultants, superseded manuals, and training manuals. Most deal with soil conservation in forestry settings, but there is a report on soil conservation in relation to agricultural soils which Paul Sanborn did under contract to Agriculture Canada in 1991.

Includes the following items:

Cuthbert, John. 1991. Why the concern about soil degradation in British Columbia? An address by John Cuthbert, Chief Forester, Ministry of Forests to be delivered by Lois Dellert, Acting Assistant Chief Forester to the 1991 Logging Seminar, October 1991. Prince George, B.C.

J. Hunt & Associates Inc. 1998. Soil compaction and disturbance: status of forestry research and operational trials in British Columbia. Prepared for Lorne Bedford, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Forest Practices Branch, March 1998.

Ministry of Forests (n.d. – probably ca. 1990). Soil conservation guidelines for timber harvesting: interior British Columbia.

Ministry of Forests. 1994. Interim soil conservation guidelines for mechanical site preparation: interior British Columbia.

Ministry of Forests (n.d. – probably ca. 1993-95). [excerpt: internal report on soil physical properties in relation to soil disturbance at research site near 70 Mile House, B.C.]

Ministry of Forests. 1996. Audit level soil conservation survey course.

Ministry of Forests. 2002. Forest soil conservation and rehabilitation in British Columbia: opportunities, challenges, and techniques … with examples from recent research. Forest Science Program. March 2002. Available online at https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/bro/bro70.pdf (accessed 2023)

Ministry of Forests. 2005. Protocol for soil resource stewardship monitoring: cutblock level. Version 1.0.

Ministry of Forests. 2005. Protocol for soil resource stewardship monitoring: cutblock level. Version 1.0. [Superseded version]

Ministry of Forests. 2009. Protocol for soil resource stewardship monitoring: cutblock level. Version 5.0. [Current version as of March 2023; available from: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/forestry/frep/frep-docs/indicators-soils-protocol.pdf]

Rollerson, T.P. (n.d.) Windthrow study, Queen Charlotte Woodlands Division. Prepared for: Queen Charlotte Woodlands Division. Land Use Planning Advisory Team, Woodland Services, Macmillan Bloedel Limited, Nanaimo, BC.

Sanborn, P. 1991. An evaluation of soil conservation under three tillage systems for the Peace River region of British Columbia: soil physical properties. ARDSA Project 23011. Submitted to: Agriculture Canada, Vancouver, B.C. [Unpublished report; cited by: van Vliet, L. J. P., Kline, R. and Hall, J. W. 1993. Effects of three tillage treatments on seasonal runoff and soil loss in the Peace River region. Can. J. Soil Sci. 73: 469-480. https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.4141/cjss93-048 ]

Schwab, J.W. 1993. Interim terrain and slope stability mapping standards, Prince Rupert Forest Region. B.C. Forest Service, Prince Rupert Forest Region.

Thompson, S. 1991. Provincial soil disturbance summary: 1989-1990 results. Prepared for: B.C. Ministry of Forests, Forest Site Degradation and Rehabilitation Committee. Frontline Forest Research, Nelson, B.C.

Thompson, S. 1999. Evaluation of surface erosion on forest roads: a summary of 1st year sampling results. Submitted to Peter Jordan, Ministry of Forests, Nelson Forest Region. January 1999.

Thompson, S.R., P.M. Osberg. 1992. Soil disturbance after logging in British Columbia, 1991 results. Prepared for: Ministry of Forests, Research Branch, May 1992.

Watt, B. (n.d.) Soil disturbance after logging on 11 sites in the Cariboo Forest Region, 1993. Prepared for: Timber Section, Cariboo Forest Region.

File consists of photographic slides from the Arocena & Sanborn 1999 regional soil mineralogy study.

Tarnocai and Smith recorded their site locations on NTS topographical maps, and provided a set of scans of these maps.

Scanned topographical maps with Tarnocai & Smith site locations:
ARCTIC RED RIVER.TIF
AUSTRALIA MOUNTAIN.TIF
CARMACKS.TIF
CLEAR CREEK.TIF
COLDSPRING MOUNTAIN.TIF
DAWSON-1.TIF
DAWSON-2.TIF
DAWSON-3.TIF
ETHEL LAKE.TIF
FLAT CREEK.TIF
GARNER CREEK.TIF
GRAND FORKS.TIF
GRAND VALLEY CREEK.TIF
GRAVEL CREEK.TIF
GRAVEL LAKE.TIF
HART RIVER.TIF
LARSEN CREEK.TIF
LEE CREEK.TIF
MAYO.TIF
McQUESTEN-1.TIF
McQUESTEN-2.TIF
McQUESTEN-3.TIF
MEDRICK CREEK.TIF
MINTO LAKE.TIF
MOOSE CREEK.TIF
OGILVIE RIVER.TIF
PIRATE CREEK.TIF
RABBIT CREEK-1.TIF
RABBIT CREEK-2.TIF
REID LAKES.TIF
ROSEBUD CREEK.TIF
SEATTLE CREEK.TIF
SPRAGUE CREEK.TIF
STEWART CROSSING.TIF
STEWART RIVER.TIF
SUMMIT LAKE.TIF
SWEDE CREEK.TIF
WILLOW LAKE.TIF

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
Slides #14-13: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #17A-19A)

Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-03-01 - Crust
• Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
• Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
  Slides #12-10 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #20A-22A)

Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-04-01 - Crust
• Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
• Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
  Slides #9-7 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #25A-28A)

Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-05-01 - Crust
• Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
• Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
• Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
• Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
  Slides #6-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #34A-#E)

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
Date: August 12, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
• Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
• Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
• Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
• Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
• Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
• Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
• Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
• Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
• Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
• Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
• Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
  Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
  Soil 1
• consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
• loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
  Soil 2
• 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
• Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
• Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
• less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
  Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
  Soil 5
• complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
• individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
• overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
• similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
  Slide roll 4, #36-32 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #26-30)

Y03-12 (island off Slims River delta)
Date: August 13, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 9.1” N, 138° 29’ 27.9” W, 819 m asl (± 6.0 m)
Site Description: good grassland development on undulating aeolian veneer over bedrock, SW aspect; vegetation: A. frigida, C. purpurescens, P. glauca, Erigeron, Plantago, Oxytropis; good crust cover, mossy on more northerly aspects
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-12-01 - Crust
• Y03-12-02 - 0-10 cm - ACk
  Slide roll 4, #31-10 (miscellaneous site views of Y03-12 & Slims R delta island)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Slims River delta
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 00’ 16.5” N, 138° 30’ 45.6” W, 790 m asl (± 11.0 m)
Print roll 3, #5A-6A: delta surface with salt efflorescences (Deschampsia caespitosa, Puchinella nuttalli, Aster siberica, Triglauca palustre); Juncus & Ranunculus on more active surface near river.

7A-9A: moister Deschampsia site, polygonal cracking patterns (W side of highway)

10A-12A: closeups of efflorescences

Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
Print roll 3, #17A-19A: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2 #14-13)

Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-03-01 - Crust
• Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
• Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
  Print roll 3, #20A-22A (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2: #12-10)

Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-04-01 - Crust
• Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
• Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
  Print roll 3, #25A-28A (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: #9-7)

Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-05-01 - Crust
• Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
• Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
• Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
• Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
  Print roll 3, #34A-#E (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: Slides #6-1)

This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

Y03-06
Date: August 10, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
Sample Depths & Descriptions:

• Y03-06-01 - Crust
• Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
• Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
  Print roll 4, #1-2 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #36-35)

Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
Site Description:

• recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
• limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
• crust is calcareous at surface
  Sample Depths & Descriptions:
• Y03-07-01 - Crust
• Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
• Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
• Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
  Print roll 4, #3-10 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #34-30)

Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
Print roll 4, #11-17 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #29-26)

Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
Print roll 4, #18-20 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #25-23)

Slims Soil
(Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
Print roll 4, #21 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #22)

S-facing opening above main trail
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 53.1” N, 138° 34’ 9.0” W, 822.9 m asl (± 15.0 m)
Site Description:

• Nostoc crust, also with Collema
• calcareous to surface
• site has later successional stage, with Arctostaphylos & Juniperus starting to move in
  Print roll 4, # 22-25

Lower end of Sheep Creek
Date: August 11, 2003
Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
Print roll 4, #26-33 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #21-18)

Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
Date: August 11, 2003
Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
Print roll 4, #34-35 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #17-16)

Downvalley view toward Slims R delta, near Sheep Creek (?)
Date: August 11, 2003
(location not recorded)
Print roll 4, #36-E

Slide roll contains the following photographs:

Thorsen Bay
Print roll 11, #01-2A; slide roll 6, #12-10

Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
Date: July 22, 2004
Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
Slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)
Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)