Science and Technology

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  • Study and application of science
  • Scientists, researchers, etc.
  • Research, research foundations, and institutes
  • Technology schools or programs
  • Clubs, user groups, and professional organizations related to science and technology

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        Science and Technology

          328 Archival description results for Science and Technology

          328 results directly related Exclude narrower terms
          2023.2.2.8.10 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Slims River delta
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 00’ 16.5” N, 138° 30’ 45.6” W, 790 m asl (± 11.0 m)
          Print roll 3, #5A-6A: delta surface with salt efflorescences (Deschampsia caespitosa, Puchinella nuttalli, Aster siberica, Triglauca palustre); Juncus & Ranunculus on more active surface near river.

          7A-9A: moister Deschampsia site, polygonal cracking patterns (W side of highway)

          10A-12A: closeups of efflorescences

          Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
          Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
          Print roll 3, #17A-19A: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2 #14-13)

          Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
          Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-03-01 - Crust
          • Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
          • Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
            Print roll 3, #20A-22A (Corresponding slides: Slide Roll 2: #12-10)

          Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
          Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-04-01 - Crust
          • Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
          • Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
            Print roll 3, #25A-28A (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: #9-7)

          Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
          Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-05-01 - Crust
          • Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
          • Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
          • Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
          • Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
            Print roll 3, #34A-#E (Corresponding Slides: Slide Roll 2: Slides #6-1)
          2023.2.2.8.11 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Y03-06
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
          Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-06-01 - Crust
          • Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
            Print roll 4, #1-2 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #36-35)

          Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
          Site Description:

          • recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
          • limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
          • crust is calcareous at surface
            Sample Depths & Descriptions:
          • Y03-07-01 - Crust
          • Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
          • Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
          • Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
            Print roll 4, #3-10 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #34-30)

          Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
          Print roll 4, #11-17 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3 #29-26)

          Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
          Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
          Print roll 4, #18-20 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #25-23)

          Slims Soil
          (Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
          Print roll 4, #21 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #22)

          S-facing opening above main trail
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 53.1” N, 138° 34’ 9.0” W, 822.9 m asl (± 15.0 m)
          Site Description:

          • Nostoc crust, also with Collema
          • calcareous to surface
          • site has later successional stage, with Arctostaphylos & Juniperus starting to move in
            Print roll 4, # 22-25

          Lower end of Sheep Creek
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
          Print roll 4, #26-33 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #21-18)

          Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
          Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
          Print roll 4, #34-35 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #17-16)

          Downvalley view toward Slims R delta, near Sheep Creek (?)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          (location not recorded)
          Print roll 4, #36-E

          2023.2.2.8.12 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Slims River delta
          Date: August 11, 2003
          (location not recorded)
          Print roll 5, #1-3 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #15-14)

          Grizzly bear
          Date: August 12, 2003
          (beside Cultus Bay Rd.; location not recorded)
          Print roll 5, #6-7

          Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
          Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
          • (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
          • Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
            Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18 (Corresponding slides: Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4)

          Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
          • Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
          • Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
          • Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
          • Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
          • Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
          • (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
            Print roll 5, #11-15 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #10-6)

          Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-10-01 - Crust
          • Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
          • (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
            Print roll 5, #19-22 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 3, #3-1)

          Silver City ghost town (location not recorded)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Print roll 5, #23-24

          Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
          Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
          • Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
          • Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
          • Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
          • Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
          • Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
          • Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
          • Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
          • Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
          • Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
          • Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
          • Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
          • Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
            Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
            Soil 1
          • consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
          • loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
            Soil 2
          • 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
          • Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
          • Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
          • less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
            Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
            Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
            Soil 5
          • complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
          • individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
          • overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
          • similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
            Print roll 5, #26-30 (Corresponding slides: Slide roll 4, #36-32)
          2023.2.2.8.07 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          Slide roll contains the following photographs:

          Cultus Bay / Rat Lake
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 09’ 57.1” N, 138° 25’ 25.5” W, 806 m asl (± 6.2 m)
          Slides #17-15: Rat Lake area (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #13A-16A)
          Slides #14-13: Collema & Psora crusts on exposed ridge on coarser substrate where loess has blown off (Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #17A-19A)

          Y03-03 (Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 3.5” N, 138° 25’ 37.2” W, 798.3 m asl (± 13.0 m)
          Site Description: SW aspect, 45% slope; vegetation: Carex filifolia, A. frigida, Elymus trachycaulis
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-03-01 - Crust
          • Y03-03-02 - 0-9 cm - Ahk (10YR 4/2 m; weak-moderate, fine granular)
          • Y03-03-03 - 9-53 cm+ - Ck (2.5Y 6/3 m; massive)
            Slides #12-10 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #20A-22A)

          Y03-04 (Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 10’ 10.5” N, 138° 26’ 3.7” W, 800.2 m asl (± 8.7 m)
          Site Description: S aspect, 40% slope; vegetation: Elymus, Artemisia, flax, Penstemon, Linum lewisii
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-04-01 - Crust
          • Y03-04-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck (strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-04-03 - 6-16 cm - Ahkb
          • Y03-04-04 -16-75 cm+ - Ck (strongly effervescent; includes Bmk pockets)
            Slides #9-7 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #25A-28A)

          Y03-05 (SE of Rat Lake)
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 9’ 43.2” N, 138° 25’ 34.8” W, 811.5 m asl (± 8.9 m)
          Site Description: upper slope / crest; recent local sandy eolian veneer over older loess; vegetation: Carex, Elymus, Poa, Erigeron
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-05-01 - Crust
          • Y03-05-02 - 0-5 cm - Ahk
          • Y03-05-03 - 5-19 cm - Ck1
          • Y03-05-04 - 19-31 cm - Ahkb (siltier)
          • Y03-05-05 - 31-50 cm+ - Ck2
            Slides #6-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 3, #34A-#E)
          2023.2.2.8.08 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          Slide roll contains the following photographs:

          Y03-06
          Date: August 10, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 1.5” N, 138° 21’ 57.4” W, 825.3 m asl (± 9.5 m)
          Site Description: top of slope, E aspect
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-06-01 - Crust
          • Y03-06-02 - 0-6 cm - Ahk (10YR 3/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-06-03 - 6-14 cm - Bmk (2.5Y 3/3 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-06-04 - 14 cm+ - IICk (strongly effervescent)
            Slide roll 3 #36-35 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #1-2)

          Y03-07 (peninsula near Kluane visitor centre, Sheep Mt.)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 42.8” N, 138° 29’ 36.2” W, 786.7 m asl (± 5.7 m)
          Site Description:

          • recent (?) landslide with loess accumulation in pockets, thinner on boulder surfaces, dominated by dark cyanobacteria crusts
          • limited loess accumulation due to exposure of site
          • crust is calcareous at surface
            Sample Depths & Descriptions:
          • Y03-07-01 - Crust
          • Y03-07-02 - 0-6 cm - Ck
          • Y03-07-03 - 6-9 cm - Ahkb
          • Y03-07-03 - 9 cm+ - Rock
            Slide roll 3 #34-30 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #3-10)

          Lower Slims River (lookout knoll at parking lot N of visitor centre)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 56.4” N, 138° 33’ 36.4” W, 844.8 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: some fire disturbance, but lower slopes have more intact crusts on loess (calcareous to surface)
          Slide roll 3 #29-26 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #11-17)

          Lower Slims R (lowest bench below lookout knoll)
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 51.8” N, 138° 33’ 36.2” W, 814.3 m asl (± 7.9 m)
          Site Description: not burned; good intact crust; vegetation: A. frigida, Calamogrostis purpurea, Erigeron caespitosus, Linnaea, Carex filifolia (sparse cover ~ 50%)
          Slide roll 3, #25-23 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #18-20)

          Slims Soil
          (Holocene paleosol with well-developed B horizon under Neoglacial calcareous loess – location not recorded, but likely from roadcut exposure along main Slims R trail)
          Slides roll 3, #22 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #21)

          Lower end of Sheep Creek
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Misc. views of grassland vegetation and landscape (locations not recorded)
          Slides roll 3, #21-18 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #26-33)

          Overlook at lower end of Sheep Creek canyon
          Date: August 11, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 60° 59’ 42.2” N, 138° 34’ 38.1” W, 878.0 m asl (± 9.5 m)
          Site Description: heavy use by sheep (abundant droppings) but still has ~ 50% crust coverage
          Slides roll 3, #17-16 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 4, #34-35)

          Slims River delta
          Date: August 11, 2003
          (location not recorded)
          Slides roll 3, #15-14: salt efflorescences (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #1-3)

          Y03-08 (Cultus Bay Rd. – at top of switchbacks)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 3’ 43.1” N, 138° 21’ 4.0” W, 833.8 m asl (± 5.1 m)
          Site Description: good exposure of loess (35 cm) with Slims Soil over glaciofluvial terrace – pinches out downslope [note: this site was sampled because of development of buried paleosol, and was not part of biological crust study by Marsh et al. (2006)]
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-08-01 - 45-48 cm - Ahkb (7.5YR 3/3 d; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-08-02 - 48-56 cm - Bmkb (7.5YR 4/3 d; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-08-03 - 56-70 cm - Ccab (2.5Y 5/2 d; strongly effervescent)
          • (not sampled) - 70 cm+ - IICca (glaciofluvial; strongly effervescent)
          • Intact sample: 56-36 cm - depth (including Slims Soil)
            Slides roll 3, #13-11, 5-4 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #8-10, 17-18)

          Y03-09 (cliff top on E. shore of Kluane L. at Christmas Bay)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 4’ 0.0” N, 138° 22’ 35.3” W, 828.3 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: ~ 60 cm loess over glaciofluvial gravels
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-09-01 - Nostoc crust
          • Y03-09-02 - Tortula ruralis – Cetraria crust
          • Y03-09-03 - 0-14 cm - ACk (10YR 3\2 d)
          • Y03-09-04 - 14-16 cm - Ahkb1 (10YR 2/2 d)
          • Y03-09-05 - 16-18 cm - Ck1 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-06 - 18-20 cm - Ahkb2 (10YR 3/2 d; discontinuous)
          • Y03-09-07 - 20-27 cm - Bmkb1 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-08 - 27-33 cm - Bmkb2 (7.5YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-09 - 33-46 cm - Bmkb3 (10YR 4/3 d)
          • Y03-09-10 - 46-55 cm - Ck2 (2.5Y 5/3 d)
          • (not sampled) - 55-60 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels)
            Slide roll 3, #10-6 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #11-15)

          Y03-10 (shore bluff N. of Silver City)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 55.0” N, 138° 23’ 17.2” W, 806.7 m asl (± 7.3 m)
          Site Description: 70% slope, SW aspect; vegetation: Elymus, Carex, Artemisia, Erigeron
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-10-01 - Crust
          • Y03-10-02 - 0-18 cm - ACk (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-10-03 - 18-25 cm - Ahkb(?) (10YR 4/2 m; strongly effervescent)
          • Y03-10-04 - 25-40 cm - Ck (2.5Y 5/2.5 m; strongly effervescent)
          • (not sampled) - 40 cm+ - IICk (glaciofluvial gravels; strongly effervescent)
            Slide roll 3, #3-1 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #19-22)
          2023.2.2.8.09 · File · 2003
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          Slide roll contains the following photographs:

          Y03-11 (Silver City road section)
          Date: August 12, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 2’ 3.6” N, 138° 22’ 48.8” W, 806.7 m asl (± 8.7 m)
          Site Description: roadcut through SW-facing hill exposes loess over glaciofluvial gravel, with 4 paleosols in colluviated loess
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-11-01 - 0-18 cm - ACk (fresh loess)
          • Y03-11-02 - 18-47 cm - Soil 1 – Bmk
          • Y03-11-03 - 47-100 cm - Loess
          • Y03-11-04 - 100-110 cm - Soil 2 – includes charcoal
          • Y03-11-05 - 110-160 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
          • Y03-11-06 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Ahk with charcoal
          • Y03-11-07 - 160-170 cm - Soil 3 – Bmk
          • Y03-11-08 - 170-198 cm - Loess with secondary carbonate in root channel
          • Y03-11-09 - 198-202 cm - Soil 4 – Ahk – laterally continuous for ~ 1.5 m
          • Y03-11-10 - 202-230 cm - Loess with secondary carbonates in roots
          • Y03-11-11 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Ahk – includes abundant charcoal bands
          • Y03-11-12 - 230-255 cm - Soil 5 – Bmk – infilled squirrel burrows immediately below
          • Y03-11-13 - 255-300 cm+ - Loess
            Additional notes on modern soil & paleosols:
            Soil 1
          • consists of Bmk horizon material with 2 distinct colours: 7.5YR 4/3 d & 10YR 4/3 d
          • loess between Soils 1 & 3 is sandier
            Soil 2
          • 90% Ahk material, 2-10 cm thick
          • Ahk – 10YR 3/2 d
          • Bmk – 7.5YR 4/2 d
          • less abundant carbonate than in paleosols & loess below
            Soil 3 - most of exposure has Ahk (2-5 cm thick) over Bmk (4-10 cm thick), with carbonates as for Soil 5
            Soil 4 - mostly Ahk (10YR 3/2 d) material 2-8 cm thick, some Bmk (10YR 4/2 d) < 2 cm thick, with carbonates as for Soil 5
            Soil 5
          • complex intermixing of Ahk & Bmk material, charcoal most abundant in Ahk
          • individual colour bands 2-10 cm thick
          • overall dip of horizons (10° to W) is parallel to surface
          • similar size & density of secondary carbonates as in loess above & below; associated with root channels, < 5 mm diameter, covering ~ 5% of surface
            Slide roll 4, #36-32 (corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 5, #26-30)

          Y03-12 (island off Slims River delta)
          Date: August 13, 2003
          Location Coordinates: 61° 1’ 9.1” N, 138° 29’ 27.9” W, 819 m asl (± 6.0 m)
          Site Description: good grassland development on undulating aeolian veneer over bedrock, SW aspect; vegetation: A. frigida, C. purpurescens, P. glauca, Erigeron, Plantago, Oxytropis; good crust cover, mossy on more northerly aspects
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y03-12-01 - Crust
          • Y03-12-02 - 0-10 cm - ACk
            Slide roll 4, #31-10 (miscellaneous site views of Y03-12 & Slims R delta island)
          2023.2.2.8.17 · File · 2004
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Thorsen Bay
          Print roll 11, #01-2A
          Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #12-10

          Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
          Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
          Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)
          Corresponding slides: slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)

          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-19-01 – charcoal at 95 cm
          Roadcut opposite ~ 30 m to NE on grassy S aspect (10° slope) with 15-20 cm of calcareous loess and sand over 2 cm White River ash; strongly effervescent throughout.
          Print roll 11, #11A-12A (profile)
          Corresponding slides: slide roll 7, #36-35 (profile)

          Thorsen Bay landscape
          Print roll 11, #13A-16A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #34-32

          Y04-20B
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 16.5” N, 138º 26’ 18.7’ W, 797.5 m asl (± 5.9 m)
          Site Description: wind-eroded Slims soil on glaciolacustrine with contorted bedding (exposed on blown-out roadcut); calcareous to surface; White R ash pockets at 10-20 cm; S aspect, 5° slope.
          Print roll 11, #17A-21A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #31-26

          Y04-22
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 39.24” N, 138º 25’ 7.8’ W, 790.6 m asl (± 6.4 m)
          Site Description: toe of 30° slope, W aspect (grassy slope with poplar at toe); 1.0-1.2 of colluviated loess over gravelly glaciofluvial with buried soil at 70-80 cm
          Print roll 11, #22A-24A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #25-24

          2023.2.2.8.18 · File · 2004
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Cultus Bay Rd.
          (landscape views looking W from road; lake is likely at ~61°4’ 10.5”N, 138°22’ 31.5”)
          Print roll 12, #0A-2A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #23-22

          Keyhole Pond (landscape views)
          Print roll 12, #3A-4A

          Y04-23 (Saddle W of Keyhole Pond)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 4’ 46.5” N, 138º 22’ 32.2’ W, 828 m asl (± 8.0 m)
          Site Description: 7º, NW-facing slope. Cumulic profile in colluviated loess with White River tephra at 10 cm, brownish paleosol at 23-27 cm, glaciofluvial sand at 50 cm.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-23-01 – charcoal at 23-27 cm, immediately above paleosol
          Print roll 12, #5A-6A
          (Location not recorded: Print roll 12, #7A-8A)

          Y04-24 (W side of Rat Lake)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 54.6” N, 138º 25’ 41.6” W, 807.7 m asl (± 13.5 m)
          Site Description: 23° slope, NE aspect; cumulic profile with White R ash at 20 cm; no obvious charcoal bands.
          Print roll 12, #9A-10A (9A print is missing)

          "Ian's Lake"(W of NW corner of Rat Lake)
          Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 1.4” N, 138º 25’ 47.7” W, 773.4 m asl (± 9.8 m) (coordinates are for ridge crest on NE side of lake)
          Site Description: basal date 700 BP in terrestrial sediments; NE side has grassy 30°slope
          Print roll 12, #11A

          Y04-25 (S shore of “Ian’s Lake”, NW of Rat Lake)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 0.7” N, 138º 25’ 49.2” W, 781.8 m asl (± 8.8 m)
          Site Description: 35 cm of colluviated loess over gravelly sandy glaciofluvial; no visible charcoal bands; buried soil at 25-35 cm; White R ash at 6-8 cm.
          Print roll 12, #12A-13A

          Y04-26 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 1’ 59.8” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 836.1 m asl (± 7.7 m)
          Site Description: grassland at crest of 33° terrace scarp, S aspect.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-26-01 – 0-10 cm
          Print roll 12, #14A-15A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #21-20

          Y04-27
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 0.9” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 843.6 m asl (± 5.8 m) (~ 35 m N of Y04-26)
          Site Description: spruce forest on terrace surface; level.

          • 0-8 cm - Loess-rich forest floor; strongly calcareous.
          • 8-13 cm - Bmk
          • 13-15 cm - Discontinuous pockets of White R ash
          • 15-35 cm - Bmk (Slims soil) – no charcoal visible
          • 35-75 cm - Gray calcareous loess.
          • 75 cm+ - Gravelly sandy glaciofluvial deposit.
            Print roll 12, #16A-17A
            Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #19-18

          Y04-28 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 34.4” N, 138º 21’ 57.0” W, 820.2 m asl (± 6.1 m)
          Site Description: grassland on esker crest W of Jenny L; 30° slope, SW aspect
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-28-01: 0-10 cm
          Print roll 12, #18A-19A
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #17-16

          Y04-30 (between eskers, W of Jenny Lake)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 31.6” N, 138º 21’ 52.3’ W, 817.6 m asl (± 6.1 m)
          Site Description: Level (base of saddle). Colluviated loess to 90 cm+, with White River tephra at 15-17 cm, brownish paleosol at 17-35 cm, underlain by turbated Bmku with multiple charcoal-rich bands.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y04-30-01 – charcoal at 13 cm (above WR tephra)
          • Y04-30-02 – charcoal at 22 cm (below WR tephra)
          • Y04-30-03 – charcoal at 75 cm
            Print roll 12, #20A-22A
            Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #15-13

          Jenny Lake (landscape views)
          Print roll 12, #23A-24A

          2023.2.2.8.19 · File · 2004
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          This file contains the following photographs in both print photograph and negative format:

          Y04-31 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 9.2” N, 138º 21’ 30.3’ W, 837.2 m asl (± 6.4 m)
          Site Description: crest of N-S esker ridge
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-31-01: 0-10 cm
          Print roll 13, #1-3
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #12-11

          Y04-32
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 7.4” N, 138º 21’ 27.7’ W, 823.7 m asl (± 13.7 m)
          Site Description: toeslope on NE side of same ridge as for Y04-31; 20° slope, NE aspect; Cryosol with permafrost at 34 cm; 30 cm of forest floor organic horizons; abundant charred wood fragments at top of mineral soil & in lowest part of organic horizon.
          Print roll 13, #4-5
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #10-9

          Y04-34
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 47.7” N, 138º 21’ 2.5’ W, 838 m asl
          Site Description: Toe of 30º, W-facing grassland slope. Colluviated loess with White River tephra at 8-9 cm, brownish paleosol (9-35 cm), overlying sandy glaciofluvial at 35-70 cm+.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-34-01: charcoal at 34 cm
          Print roll 13, #6-7
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #8-7

          Y04-35 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 49.9” N, 138º 21’ 1.1” W, 854.4 m asl (± 6.3 m)
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-35-01: 0 – 10 cm
          Print roll 13, #8-10 (Location not recorded: Print roll 13, #11-12)
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #6-5

          Y04-36
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 8’ 11.5” N, 138º 25’ 50.8” W, 825.6 m asl (± 14.5 m)
          Site Description:

          • 10-0 cm - LF
          • 0-15 cm - Bmk1 (7.5YR 4/6 m)
          • 15-28 cm - Bmk2 (2.5Y 4/3 m)
          • 28-48 cm - Ck
          • 48-55 cm+ - IICk (sandy gravelly glaciofluvial)
          • No charcoal visible in mineral horizons
            Print roll 13, #13-14
            Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, #4-3

          Y04-37
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: (roadcut adjacent to Y04-36)
          Site Description: multiple colour bands in Slims soil; some charcoal blobs (not sampled) which are right size to have been roots.
          Print roll 13, #15-19
          Corresponding slides: Slide roll 7, # 2-1

          2023.2.2.8.14 · File · 2004
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          Slide roll contains the following photographs:

          Thorsen Bay
          Print roll 11, #01-2A; slide roll 6, #12-10

          Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
          Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
          Slide roll 6, #9-7 (profile), #6-1 (landscape)
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #3A-5A (profile), #6A-10A (landscape)

          2023.2.2.8.15 · File · 2004
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          Slide roll contains the following photographs:

          Y04-19 (27.5 km on Cultus Bay Rd., near Thorsen Bay)
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 12’ 3.0” N, 138º 28’ 58.3’ W, 819 m asl (± 18.9 m)
          Site Description: Roadcut at base of 30º, E-facing slope. Colluviated loess overlies sandy glaciofluvial at 120 cm. Prominent paleosol with “cumulic” B horizon at 80-120 cm, with strong effervescence throughout exposure.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-19-01 – charcoal at 95 cm
          Roadcut opposite ~ 30 m to NE on grassy S aspect (10° slope) with 15-20 cm of calcareous loess and sand over 2 cm White River ash; strongly effervescent throughout.
          Slide roll 7, #36-35 (profile)
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #11A-12A (profile)

          Thorsen Bay landscape
          Slide roll 7, #34-32
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #13A-16A

          Y04-20B
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 10’ 16.5” N, 138º 26’ 18.7’ W, 797.5 m asl (± 5.9 m)
          Site Description: wind-eroded Slims soil on glaciolacustrine with contorted bedding (exposed on blown-out roadcut); calcareous to surface; White R ash pockets at 10-20 cm; S aspect, 5° slope.
          Slide roll 7, #31-26
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #17A-21A

          Y04-22
          Date: July 22, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 9’ 39.24” N, 138º 25’ 7.8’ W, 790.6 m asl (± 6.4 m)
          Site Description: toe of 30° slope, W aspect (grassy slope with poplar at toe); 1.0-1.2 of colluviated loess over gravelly glaciofluvial with buried soil at 70-80 cm
          Slide roll 7, #25-24
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 11, #22A-24A

          Cultus Bay Rd.
          (landscape views looking W from road; lake is likely at ~61°4’ 10.5”N, 138°22’ 31.5”)
          Slide roll 7, #23-22
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #0A-2A

          Y04-26 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 1’ 59.8” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 836.1 m asl (± 7.7 m)
          Site Description: grassland at crest of 33° terrace scarp, S aspect.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-26-01 – 0-10 cm
          Slide roll 7, #21-20
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #14A-15A

          Y04-27
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 0.9” N, 138º 21’ 53.6” W, 843.6 m asl (± 5.8 m) (~ 35 m N of Y04-26)
          Site Description: spruce forest on terrace surface; level.

          • 0-8 cm - Loess-rich forest floor; strongly calcareous.
          • 8-13 cm - Bmk
          • 13-15 cm - Discontinuous pockets of White R ash
          • 15-35 cm - Bmk (Slims soil) – no charcoal visible
          • 35-75 cm - Gray calcareous loess.
          • 75 cm+ - Gravelly sandy glaciofluvial deposit.
            Slide roll 7, #19-18
            Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #16A-17A

          Y04-28 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 34.4” N, 138º 21’ 57.0” W, 820.2 m asl (± 6.1 m)
          Site Description: grassland on esker crest W of Jenny L; 30° slope, SW aspect
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-28-01: 0-10 cm
          Slide roll 7, #17-16
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #18A-19A

          Y04-30 (between eskers, W of Jenny Lake)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 2’ 31.6” N, 138º 21’ 52.3’ W, 817.6 m asl (± 6.1 m)
          Site Description: Level (base of saddle). Colluviated loess to 90 cm+, with White River tephra at 15-17 cm, brownish paleosol at 17-35 cm, underlain by turbated Bmku with multiple charcoal-rich bands.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions:

          • Y04-30-01 – charcoal at 13 cm (above WR tephra)
          • Y04-30-02 – charcoal at 22 cm (below WR tephra)
          • Y04-30-03 – charcoal at 75 cm
            Slide roll 7, #15-13
            Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 12, #20A-22A

          Y04-31 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 9.2” N, 138º 21’ 30.3’ W, 837.2 m asl (± 6.4 m)
          Site Description: crest of N-S esker ridge
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-31-01: 0-10 cm
          Slide roll 7, #12-11
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #1-3

          Y04-32
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 7.4” N, 138º 21’ 27.7’ W, 823.7 m asl (± 13.7 m)
          Site Description: toeslope on NE side of same ridge as for Y04-31; 20° slope, NE aspect; Cryosol with permafrost at 34 cm; 30 cm of forest floor organic horizons; abundant charred wood fragments at top of mineral soil & in lowest part of organic horizon.
          Slide roll 7, #10-9
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #4-5

          Y04-34
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 47.7” N, 138º 21’ 2.5’ W, 838 m asl
          Site Description: Toe of 30º, W-facing grassland slope. Colluviated loess with White River tephra at 8-9 cm, brownish paleosol (9-35 cm), overlying sandy glaciofluvial at 35-70 cm+.
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-34-01: charcoal at 34 cm
          Slide roll 7, #8-7
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #6-7

          Y04-35 (EW)
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 3’ 49.9” N, 138º 21’ 1.1” W, 854.4 m asl (± 6.3 m)
          Sample Depths & Descriptions: Y04-35-01: 0 – 10 cm
          Slide roll 7, #6-5
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #8-10
          (Location not recorded: Print roll 13, #11-12)

          Y04-36
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: 61º 8’ 11.5” N, 138º 25’ 50.8” W, 825.6 m asl (± 14.5 m)
          Site Description:

          • 10-0 cm - LF
          • 0-15 cm - Bmk1 (7.5YR 4/6 m)
          • 15-28 cm - Bmk2 (2.5Y 4/3 m)
          • 28-48 cm - Ck
          • 48-55 cm+ - IICk (sandy gravelly glaciofluvial)
          • No charcoal visible in mineral horizons
            Slide roll 7, #4-3
            Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #13-14

          Y04-37
          Date: July 23, 2004
          Location Coordinates: (roadcut adjacent to Y04-36)
          Site Description: multiple colour bands in Slims soil; some charcoal blobs (not sampled) which are right size to have been roots.
          Slide roll 7, # 2-1
          Corresponding prints and negatives: Print roll 13, #15-19

          2023.2.2.8.06 · File · 2003-2014
          Part of Dr. Paul Sanborn fonds

          File consists of the following data sets:

          • Kluane crust Min N (2003) S671FINL.xls [mineralizable nitrogen for biological soil crusts & upper mineral soil, 2003 samples]
          • Kluane Crust samples (2004) moisture contents.xls [moisture content of air-dry 2004 crust samples from Peninsula & Silver City sites; sampling procedures & locations in Marsh et al. (20060]
          • Kluane Soil Crusts (2004) chemical analyses.xls [consolidated file of chemical data for 2004 crust samples from Peninsula & Silver City sites]
          • Kluane 2003 soil & crust 15N data.xls [15N natural abundance, total N, organic & inorganic C for 2003 crust & upper mineral soil samples]
          • Kluane 2003 soil data.xlsx [consolidated file of chemical data for 2003 crust and mineral horizon soil samples]
          • Kluane Crust 2004 total C & N data.xls
          • Kluane AMS dates (2003-2008 charcoal samples).xls [radiocarbon dates from the University of Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Lab]
          • Kluane soil transect - texture data.xls [2009 soil particle size analysis data, with potential lithological breaks highlighted]
          • Kluane surveys 2009.xls [topographic surveys for 3 soil transects cutting across eskers along Cultus Bay Rd., SE shore of Kluane L.]
          • S1061_1069_Final_Rev1.xls [lab data report from Ministry of Forests Analytical Chemistry Laboratory for 2009 transect samples: total C, inorganic C, & total N]
          • 100812003 (annotated) -corrected.xls [2009 transect samples: particle size analysis data report from CANTEST]
          • Kluane soil transect - master data file.xls