On March 7, 1956 the Cassiar Reporters Guild published one issue of an untitled newspaper simply titled "The Cassiar?" (vol.1, no.1) along with a "name that newspaper" contest call out to the local community. It is believed that no other issue of this first volume was published until December 7, 1957 when The Asbestos Sheet (vol.2, no.1) was published. The Asbestos Sheet, was generally published twice a month and ran from December 1957 to September 1976; after which time both its name and its format changed: the 8-1/2 x 10" news bulletin changing to an 11 x 17" newspaper; and The Asbestos Sheet becoming the Cassiar Courier. The Courier was published monthly from fall 1976 until February 1991 when it stopped circulation shortly before the closure of both the mine and the company town.
Subseries consists of
Zonder titelSubseries consists predominantly of publications and draft publications written by Cole Shirvell. Also includes maps, photographs, raw data, field notes, and correspondence and reports regarding field work.
Zonder titelSubseries primarily consists of reports and publications created by Envirocon Limited, the environmental consultants contracted by Alcan for the Kemano Completion Project environmental assessment. Also includes records created by Envirocon, Alcan, and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans regarding joint meetings and Envirocon's scientific methodology.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records concerning the Nechako River court action that began in 1980 and ended in 1987 with a settlement agreement. The case (Attorney General of Canada vs. Attorney General of British Columbia vs. Alcan Aluminum) was in regard to the increased need for water rights to the Nechako River as a result of Alcan's Kemano Completion Project.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of material relating to the Nechako Fisheries Conservation Program, predominantly publications and reports. Includes some correspondence between NFCP and the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Also includes air photo maps of the Nechako River from 1990.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Shirvell's participation in the British Columbia Utilities Commission public review of the Kemano Completion Project. Includes Shirvell's notes and submission to the review panel, copies of submissions from other DFO scientists, correspondence relating to the review, copies of exhibits submitted for the review, and BCUC reports.
Zonder titelSubseries contains records created and accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto during his tenures as Assistant Comptroller (1958-1961), Comptroller (1961-1966), Vice-President and Comptroller (1966-1974), Executive Vice-President (1974-1982), and President and CEO (1982-1987). Includes general correspondence files, a company profile, and annual reports, among others.
Zonder titelSubseries contains administrative records created and accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto. Includes correspondence, legal records, speeches, reports, and records regarding corporate relations, donations, the Noranda Environmental Committee, marketing, and other administrative matters.
Zonder titelSubseries contains records related to Adam Zimmerman's attendance at various events, conferences, and seminars. Includes speeches given by Zimmerman and his colleagues at these events, many of which were organized by industry associations or non-profits.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records related to liaison with governments at the provincial and federal level that were created and accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto. Includes correspondence, reports, and memoranda.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of financial and sales records that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto. Includes accounting records, financial reports and summaries, graphs, financial planning material, sales documents, and prospecti.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to personnel and human resources issues that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto. Includes records relating to employment enquiries, employee relations, job postings, turnover rate, and a listing of long-time Noranda employees.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Noranda's acquisitions and investments. These records were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman at the Noranda Inc. (formerly Noranda Mines) corporate office in Toronto. Primarily includes files regarding various companies Noranda was potentially interested in acquiring. Also includes business proposals, correspondence, and investment fund records.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman in his various roles with Noranda Mines (Comptroller, 1961-1966; Vice President and Comptroller, 1966-1974; Executive Vice President, 1974-1982). Includes reference and correspondence files regarding various exploration companies owned by Noranda Mines.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman in his various roles with Noranda Mines and Noranda Inc. (Executive Vice President, 1974-1982; President and CEO, 1982-1987). Includes reference and correspondence files regarding Noranda Sales Corporation, which marketed and sold the metals and minerals from Noranda's own operations, its associated companies and 25 other Canadian companies.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of administrative records relating to the Noranda Manufacturing Division. Includes correspondence, memoranda, and company reference files.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure as a Canada Wire & Cable Company director and as the Executive Vice President of Noranda Mines Ltd. (the parent company of Canada Wire & Cable). Includes directors meeting records, a strategy audit, and assessments of other companies.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to the Free Piston Development Company, for which Noranda Mines Ltd. provided capital funding. Adam Zimmerman was the comptroller for Noranda Mines at the time and monitored the Free Piston Development Company's progress; the relationship between the companies was ended in 1967.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Noranda Aluminum created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman while he was Executive Vice President of Noranda Mines (the parent company of Noranda Aluminum). Includes directors meeting records and documents analysing the proposed purchase of the Olin Corporation by Noranda Aluminum.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Noranda Metal Industries created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman while he was Executive Vice President, and later, President of Noranda Mines (the parent company of Noranda Metal Industries). Includes financial reports and records regarding mergers and acquisitions in the Noranda Special Metals Division.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Wire Rope Industries created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman while he was Executive Vice President, President, or Vice-Chairman of Noranda Mines (the parent company of Wire Rope Industries). Zimmerman was also a member of the Board of Directors for Wire Rope Industries between 1978 and 1993. Includes directors meeting records, financial statements, annual reports, correspondence, and records relating to Wire Rope Industries' acquisition of Martin-Black.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding BC Chemicals that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenures as President of Northwood Mills and Northwood Pulp, the parent companies of BC Chemicals. Includes agreements, operational information, correspondence, and board of directors meeting material. Also includes records regarding the establishment of BC Chemicals by Northwood Pulp and Northwood Mills.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding British Columbia Forest Products that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure as an Executive Director of the company after it was acquired by Noranda in 1969. Includes annual reports, director's meeting materials, proposals, financial records, and information relating to possible acquisitions of various companies. Also contains records regarding BC Forest Products' acquisition by Northwood Pulp (Noranda).
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding Bulkley Valley Forest Industries that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure as President of Northwood Pulp, the parent company of BVFI after its acquisition by Noranda in 1972. Includes correspondence, reports, reorganization documents, and operational records. Also contains records regarding Bulkley Valley Forest Industries' acquisition by Northwood Pulp (Noranda).
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding Fraser Companies Ltd. and its parent company Fraser Inc. These records were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure as an Executive Director of the company after it was acquired by Noranda in 1974. Includes annual reports, director's meeting materials, operational records, financial records, and information relating to possible acquisitions of various companies. Also contains records regarding Fraser's acquisition by Northwood Mills (Noranda).
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding James Maclaren Industries Inc. and the Maclaren Power & Paper Company. These records were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure as an Executive Director of the company after it was acquired by Noranda in 1980. Includes annual reports, director's meeting materials, operational records, financial records, and information relating to the acquisitions of Normick Perron. Also contains records regarding Maclaren's acquisition by Noranda.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding MacMillan Bloedel that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenures as Chairman (1983-1990) and Vice-Chairman (1990-1993) of the company after it was acquired by Noranda in 1981. Includes records relating to operations, finances, labour relations, government relations, the Board of Directors, planning, and environmental concerns. Also contains records regarding MacMillan Bloebel's takeover by Noranda.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records regarding the Mead Corporation that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenures as President of Northwood Pulp and its successor, Northwood Pulp & Timber. Mead Corporation formed an agreement with Noranda Mines to create Northwood Pulp Ltd.; each company had a 50% stake in the newly formed venture. Primarily includes records relating to the pulp agreements between Northwood Pulp and Mead Corporation. Also includes sales records, financial records, and correspondence.
Zonder titelSubseries contains general reference files and records relating to various forestry industry associations. As the senior executive in charge of Noranda's forestry division, Adam Zimmerman was heavily involved in forestry industry associations throughout his career, often at the leadership level. Includes studies, reports, correspondence, and memoranda. Records are represented from the Forest Products Sectoral Advisory Group on International Trade, Forest Industries Advisory Committee, Pulp & Paper Research Institute Of Canada, and National Task Force on Environment and Economy, among others.
Zonder titelThe Canada–U.S. softwood lumber dispute arose in 1982 with the United States’ claim that the Canadian lumber industry was unfairly subsidized by federal and provincial governments, as most timber in Canada is owned by the provincial governments. The prices charged to harvest the timber (stumpage fee) are set administratively, rather than through the competitive marketplace, the norm in the United States where softwood lumber lots are privately owned. The United States claimed that the Canadian arrangement constitutes an unfair subsidy, and is thus subject to U.S. trade remedy laws. Since 1982, there have been four major iterations of the dispute: Lumber I, Lumber II, Lumber III, and Lumber IV.
Adam Zimmerman arose as one of the leaders in the Canadian forest industry’s fight against countervailing duties. He was a member of the Canadian Softwood Lumber Committee during the Lumber I dispute. In anticipation of Lumber II, Zimmerman founded the Canadian Forest Industries Council in 1984, which lead the Canadian defence against Lumber II and Lumber III. The Canadian forestry industry was also impacted by the signing of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1987. The records in this series reflect Adam Zimmerman’s leadership role in these events.
Subseries consists of records relating to the Business Council on National Issues (BCNI) created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his membership on the council. Includes membership records, meeting documents, task force material, and reference files on various issues of national interest.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to the Canadian Forestry Advisory Council (CFAC) created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his membership on the council. Includes correspodence, membership information, terms of reference, annual reports, minutes, and meeting materials.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to the Canadian Pulp & Paper Association (CPPA) created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenures as Chairman, Executive Board Member, Economic Policy Committee Chair, and Finance Committee Chair. Includes correspondence, memoranda, meeting documents, government liaison material, reports, and records regarding environmental issues.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to the Forest Products Employee Relations Council (FPERC) created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenures as Chairman (1981-1983) and council member. Includes correspondence, meeting material, reports, and labour relations records.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to the Forest Sector Advisory Council (FSAC) created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his time as council member. Includes correspondence, meeting materials, and reports.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Algoma Steel Inc. that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure on the company's Board of Directors. Includes correspondence, a Director's manual, reports, Algoma annual reports, strategy and planning documents, and meeting materials.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to Koninklijke Nederlandse Papierfabriek (KNP) that were created or accumulated by Adam Zimmerman during his tenure on the company's Board of Directors. Includes correspondence, reports, KNP annual reports, strategy and planning documents, financial records, merger records, and meeting materials.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of records relating to various external directorships, chairmanships, and other leadership roles held by Adam Zimmerman with companies outside Noranda, non-profit organizations, and universities. Includes correspondence, fundraising material, and meeting materials.
Zonder titelSubseries consists of documents and correspondence regarding the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources and issues about mining, energy generation, and pipelines in northern British Columbia. Includes correspondence about the state of energy in Canada; wind, solar, and other forms of alternative energy; conservation of energy; use of nuclear power, coal, oil, and natural gas in Canada; and general inquiries about the oil and gas industry. Also includes correspondence regarding proposed mining projects, particularly in northern BC; the development of pipelines in Canada; the environmental impacts of mining and pipelines; and inquiries and statements of opinion about proposed pipelines such as the Kitimat-Edmonton pipeline, the Mackenzie Delta pipeline, and the Alaska Alcan pipeline. Supplemental records accompany much of the correspondence and include reference material, newspaper articles, and informational reports.
Subseries consists of correspondence relating to the Department of Environment (Environment Canada), the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and environmental issues. Includes correspondence regarding Ministry of Environment programs and procedures; the Canadian forestry industry; forestry licenses; pollution and legislation controls for industry pollution; oil spills; polychlorinated biphenyl pollution; floods and flood control mechanisms; dams and stream diversions; trapping legislation; and wildlife conservation. Also includes correspondence regarding inquiries intro fisheries management legislation and policies; fisheries licensing; salmon fisheries issues; inquiries and statements of opinion about the yearly seal hunt; whale conservation; the economic zone off-shore fishing limits; small craft harbours; sport fishing; and the roe herring fishery. Contains speeches given by the Minister of Environment or given on his behalf and news releases from Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
Forest soil sulphur research was a continuing interest for Dr. Paul Sanborn for more than 30 years, beginning at UBC in the mid-1980s when he took a graduate course in Forest Soils from Dr. Tim Ballard. Among the things that he learned was that soils in much of BC were deficient in sulphur (S). Simultaneously, he became aware of the large amount of research on prescribed fire in BC forests, with broadcast burning being the main method of site preparation across much of the province at that time.
Sanborn undertook various projects in this area of research:
- UBC Postdoctoral Project on effects of prescribed fire on sulphur in forest soils (1988-90)
- Cluculz retrospective study (E.P. 886.10) with the BC Ministry of Forests and UNBC
- Sulphur stable isotope tracer study (E.P. 886.15) with the BC Ministry of Forests and UNBC
While at the Ministry of Forests, Dr. Paul Sanborn carried out two retrospective studies which examined soil chemical properties at long-term silvicultural research sites where different vegetation types had been created, either as planned or unplanned experiments. These studies were Experimental Project (EP) 660 and a research project at the Archie Creek site.
The BC Ministry of Forest's EP 1148 Long-term Soil Productivity (LTSP) study addresses two key factors— soil porosity and site organic matter—that potentially limit tree growth and site productivity in the timber-harvesting land base and that can be affected by forestry operations.
A comparative study of grassland soils at 3 sites in northwestern BC and southern Yukon was published as:
Sanborn, P. 2010. Topographically controlled grassland soils in the Boreal Cordillera ecozone, northwestern Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90: 89-101. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJSS09048
This grew out of a field trip with Ministry of Forests range personnel to the Stikine and Tuya River valleys, near Telegraph Creek BC on August 27-28, 2007. (Two pedons were sampled in 2007, BC07-03 and BC07-04, but those results were not included in the paper.)
In August 2008, Dr. Paul Sanborn returned to the Stikine to sample pedon BC08-06, after field work in Yukon which collected the other two pedons used in the paper, from near Carmacks (Y08-39) and Kluane Lake (Y08-41). (An additional pedon from Kluane, Y08-43, was sampled and analyzed, but it was from a forested site and was not included in the paper.)
With the assistance of the Yukon Geological Survey, Dr. Paul Sanborn was able to visit the terminus of the Klutlan Glacier, a major outlet glacier which originates in the Alaska portion of the St. Elias Mountains. The stagnant terminus has a thick cover of debris, including a large component of White River tephra, providing enough soil material to support a boreal forest. Field work occurred on July 8, 2007, and results were published as:
Sanborn, P. 2010. Soil formation on supraglacial tephra deposits, Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 90: 611-618. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss10042
In the mid-1990s, Dr. Paul Sanborn worked with Dr. Lito Arocena of UNBC to assemble and interpret basic physical, chemical, and mineralogical data for typical soils at important long-term forestry research sites in central and northeastern BC. The key results were published as:
J.M. Arocena and P. Sanborn. 1999. Mineralogy and genesis of selected soils and their implications for forest management in central and northeastern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79: 571-592. https://doi.org/10.4141/S98-07
Nine pedons were involved, with 7 located at the sites of 4 Ministry of Forests Experimental Projects (E.P.), and 2 at the Aleza Lake Research Forest.
As part of a multidisciplinary team led by Grant Zazula (then a Ph.D. student at Simon Fraser University; later a palaeontologist with the Government of Yukon) and Duane Froese (Professor, University of Alberta), Dr. Paul Sanborn examined a set of buried paleosols (fossil soils) preserved in frozen sediments exposed by placer mining in the spring of 2004.
The findings were published in:
Zazula, G.D., D.G. Froese, S.A. Elias, S. Kuzmina, C. La Farge, A.V. Reyes, P.T. Sanborn, C.E. Schweger, C.A.S. Smith, and R.W. Mathewes. 2006. Vegetation buried under Dawson tephra (25,300 14C yr BP) and locally diverse late Pleistocene paleoenvironments of Goldbottom Creek, Yukon, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 242: 253–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.005
The eastern flank of the Mackenzie Mountains has a complex history of multiple glaciations by both the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, recorded in thick sequences of glacial sediments that were documented at 3 locations (Katherine Creek, Little Bear River, Inlin Brook) by:
Duk-Rodkin, A., R.W. Barendregt, C. Tarnocai, and F.M. Phillips. 1996. Late Tertiary to late Quaternary record in the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada: stratigraphy, paleosols, paleomagnetism, and chlorine-36. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33 (6): 875-895. https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-066
Of the 3 sites, the exposure on Inlin Brook, a tributary of the Keele River, was the least well-documented, so in summer 2004 Dr. Paul Sanborn joined a field party of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) based at Tulita, NWT, and was given helicopter support to visit Inlin Brook (August 5-8). A brief visit was also made to the Little Bear River site.
On August 9-10, Sanborn joined Alejandra Duk-Rodkin (GSC) and Rene Barendregt (U Lethbridge) in helicopter-assisted field work at sites in the Franklin Mountains and elsewhere east of the Mackenzie River.